THE COCCIDAE OF SOUTH AFRICA — II. 125 



78. Aspidiotus (DiaspidiotUS) africanus (Mailatt) Brain (Plate vi, fig. 99). 

 Aspidiotus (Diaspidiotus) africanus, Marlatt (ex parte) ,'Bull. U.S. Bur. Ent., T.S. 16, 



p. 15, 1908. 



Scales of young circular, yellowish or buff, with a distinct white cap formed of the 

 secretionary covering of the first exuviae. This white layer sometimes exhibits 

 a faint nipple effect, owing to a depressed ring near its outer margin. 



Scale of adult $ sometimes circular, often slightly irregular and elongate, about 

 l - 8 mm . in diameter, creamy-, yellowish-, brownish- or greenish-buff in colour, with 

 yellow exuviae. The scale is often roundly arched or bluntly conical. The first 

 exuviae are small, yellow, covered with an opaque layer of white secretion as observed 

 in the young scales. The white caps are undoubtedly one of the chief distinguishing 

 characters of the scales of this species. Male puparia about 1 mm. long and 0"6 mm. 

 broad, almost parallel-sided, with rounded ends and the exuviae placed just within 

 the margin at the anterior end. Colours as in the $ scale. The material described 

 by Marlatt in 1908 was undoubtedly a mixture of two species, africanus and 

 pectinatus, q.v. These were separated and the latter described by Lindinger in 1909. 



Specimens mounted in glycerine are readily distinguished, for in pectinatus the 

 plates are numerous and normally branched, while in africanus there are very few 

 plates and these are simple and dagger-shaped, and very short. 



The adult $ of A. africanus is broad pear-shaped, and hyaline, with the pygidial 

 margin slightly denser. There are three pairs of lobes, the median pair alone being 

 well developed. L 2 and L 3 are rudimentary. L x short, with their outer edges 

 sloping and once notched. There are no chitinous thickenings between the median 

 lobes. Those bounding the first incision are equal and usually + fused. Those 

 at the second incision somewhat unequal, the inner being the larger of the two. 



The formulae for the two species would be : 

 africanus : — 2P 1; L v 2P 2 , L 2 , P 3 , L 3 . 

 pectinatus :— 2P 1; L p 2P 2 , L 2 , 1-3P 3 , L 3 , 2-3P 4 . 



Pygidium as illustrated (fig. 99). Circumgenital glands 0. 



Habitat : On bezemboom, Lady Grey ; collected by J. C. Faure, May 1916. On 

 Robinia pseudacacia and on pepper, Bloemfontein ; on native bush, Meintjes Kop, 

 Pretoria ; collected by the writer, July 1915. 



Collection Nos. : 188, 191, and 196. 



79. Aspidiotus (Diaspidiotus) perniciosus, Comstock (Plate vi, fig. 97). 

 Aspidiotus perniciosus, Comst., Rep. U.S. Dept. Agr., p. 304, 1811. 



A. (Diaspidiotus) perniciosus, Ckll., Bull. 6, U.S. Dept. Agr., p. 30, 1897. 



Aonidiella perniciosa, Berl. & Leon., Annali di Agr., p. 55, 1898 ; Leonardi, Gen. 

 Spec. Dias. Asp., p. 129, 1900. 



Aspidiotus perniciosus, Fernald, Catalogue, p. 271, 1903. 



Common Names : San Jose Scale, Pernicious Scale. 



Scale of young flat, small, very dark blackish grey or black, with a central greyish 

 dot surrounded by a black ring bordered on the outside again by a distinct greyish 

 ring. 



(C478) C 2 



