198 CHAS. K. BRAIN. 



In the adult the lobes are undeveloped, and appear as irregular projections of 

 the margin, and the plates are generally obscure or absent. There is a long stout 

 spine immediately outside the median lobes, and a pair of shorter ones outside L. 2 

 and L 3 . 



Habitat : On Euphorbia (tree), Mariannhill, Natal (type locality). 



Collection No. : 215. 



Genus Chrysomphalus, Ashm. 



Scales + similar to those of Aspidiotus, but usually darker, or more compact,, 

 robust, and capsular ; generally circular, with central exuviae ; sometimes + 

 elongate, with the exuviae towards one end. Pygidium with at least three pairs 

 of lobes and strong, very often long paraphyses. Beyond the outer lobes the body 

 margin is often thickened and + toothed. 



Three sub-genera are recognised, which may be distinguished by the following- 

 particulars : — 



1. Scale neat, smooth, much like Aspidiotus, with bright, + transparent, usually 



reddish or yellowish exuviae ; pygidium with three distinct pairs of lobes and 

 beyond these three distinct plates ; e.g.,ficus, dictyospermi, etc. 



Chrysomphalus (s. str.).. 



2. Scale with dark, usually black exuviae ; plates most often fused. 



(a) Scale dense, slightly capsular, often partly hidden by outer layers of bark ;■ 



pygidium triangular or keel-shaped, strongly pointed, with three pairs 

 of lobes and beyond these some plates ; plates all short, inconspicuous, 

 usually forked, as if formed by two or more dagger-shaped plates fused 

 together ; e.g., obscurus, corticosus . . . . Pseudischnaspis. 



(b) Scale very dense, entirely capsular, often obscured by bark, rounded, with 



four pairs of lobes and beyond these no plates, or only inconspicuous ones : 

 plates usually small ; e.g., phenax . . . . . . . . Melanaspis, 



Key to South African Species of Chrysomphalus. 



A. Pygidium with 3 pairs of lobes. 



a. Pygidium with well-defined plates. 



(1) Scale transparent, showing reddish $ below ; P 4 not much longer than L g ; 



circumgenital glands (fig. 118) . . . . . . C. aurantii, Mask. 



(2) Scale dark with orange red exuviae ; circumgenital glands present (fig. 117). 



C. ficus, Ashm. 



(3) Scale black, with greyish or brownish exuviae ; circumgenital glands present 



(fig. 116) C. rossi, Mask.. 



(4) Scale brownish ; P 4 much longer than L 3 ; circumgenital glands present 



(fig. 115) . . . . . . . . . . . . C. dictyospermi, Morg.. 



b. Pygidium without well-defined plates. 



(5) Scale dark brown, greyish or blackish, usually covered by bark tissues ; 



circumgenital glands present (fig. 119) . . . . C. corticosus, sp. n. 



