THE COCCIDAE OF SOUTH AFRICA.' — III. 199 



B. Pygidium with 4 pairs of lobes. 



(6) Scale black, capsular ; plates inconspicuous ; circumgenital glands (fig. 120) 



C. phenax, Ckll. 



98. Chrysomphalus aurantii (Mask.) Ckll. (Plate xii, fig. 118). 



Aspidiotus aurantii, Mask., NZ. Trans., xi, p. 100, 1878. 



Aspidiotus citri, Comstock, Canad. Ent., xiii, p. 8, 1881. 



Aonidiella aurantii, Berl., Kiv. Pat. Veg., iv, p. 83, 1895. 



Chrysomphalus aurantii, Ckll., Check List Sup., p. 396, 1899. 



Common Name : Red Scale. 



Female scale about 2mm. in diameter, nearly circular, often slightly broader than 

 long, with thin flat margins and the central area flatly convex, generally appearing 

 shiny or polished. The orange-red or yellowish colour is due to that of the female 

 insect beneath the scale. The dorsal scale is thin, pale yellowish-grey, and almost 

 transparent. Its true character is often visible only at the extreme margin of the 

 scale. The exuviae are regularly central, orange-red or yellow, covered by a thin 

 layer of secretion, and there is a small prominent spot with a concentric ring of 

 whitish secretion in the centre of the larval exuviae. The ventral scale is complete, 

 and stout at the margins, remaining attached to the dorsal scale. The adult $ is 

 thus enclosed when the scale is removed and is extracted only with difficulty, 

 except in boiling KOH. 



Male puparium about 1 mm. long and 6 mm. broad, + oblong, but narrowed 

 behind, dull reddish-brown, paler at the margin. Exuviae towards the anterior 

 end, often slightly more reddish than the scale itself, and covered with secretion 

 as in the $ scale. 



Adult 9 viviparous ; when alive, orange-red, reniform, with the abdominal segments 

 retracted and often enclosed by the sides of the thorax. The body is flat beneath 

 and convex above, with the skin moderately hard and chitinous. When mounted 

 the body of mature specimens retains its characteristic shape, and the average size is 

 l'l mm. long and l - 3 mm. broad. In younger forms the body is broad pear-shaped. 



Antennal tubercles small, set well back from the mouth-parts, with one long, 

 slightly curved spine. 



The pygidium (fig. 118) with three pairs of well-developed lobes and well-defined 

 plates. L x and L 2 usually distinctly notched on both margins, the outer notch of 

 L 2 being more pronounced ; L 3 usually only notched on the outer margin ; L 2 is 

 a little smaller than L 1; and L 3 than L 2 . P 1; P 2 and P 3 not very broad at the base, 

 with long projections, of which the outer ones are slightly branched. L 4 wide at 

 base, with elongate projections, of which there are normally two plates (a) an inner 

 part which is simple, and (b) an outer which is feebly branched and whose outer edge 

 is toothed. Paraphyses short and more delicate than in the other South African 

 species of Chrysomphalus. Circumgenital glands absent ; exceptional specimens 

 have been observed where a solitary gland has been present and Lindinger reports 

 specimens from the tropics in which an anterior group is represented by 1-2 

 glands. Formula : P p L p 2P 2 , L 2 , 3P 3 , L 3 , 3P 4 . 



