620 F. Finn — Experiments with various Birds. [No. 4, 



I saw D. chrysippus attacked both by this species and by Red- 

 whiskered Bulbul, and then left off watching, being convinced already 

 that Liothrix preferred the non-warningly-coloured butterflies. I was 

 not so sure about the Bulbuls, which I saw this time neglected all 

 butterflies, when both sorts were together, and yet they eat warningly- 

 coloured ones. 



The birds had had a good meal of fruit, before I began experi- 

 menting. The fate of the Elymnids undularis $ I did not see, but I 

 expect that, like P. polites, it was not a good enough mimic to escapes 

 as I have seen it before seized by Liothrix. The rest of the butterflies 

 were soon eaten. 



Experiments with various Birds. Series B. 



About this time I released all the Bulbuls. A day or two after- 

 wards I noticed a bit of a Papilio aristolochim on the floor. For several 

 days now the birds had practically no insects but those they could catch 

 casually. I gave them, however, two Euproctis moths one day. One 

 was eaten by a Button-Quail the other by a Liothrix, which latter did 

 not seem to relish it much. Wild birds do not seem to eat this species, 

 though helpless by day at any rate and easy to see. I then commenced 

 another series of experiments. 



I. I offered a Nepheronia hippia 9 with a Danais limniace, a Gatop- 

 silia, and two other non-warningly-coloured butterflies. These last 

 three were seized by the three Liothrix, and a Button- Quail disabled the 

 mimic, which I took out. 



I offered the N. hippia with a non-warningly-coloured species, and 

 the N. hippia was taken first, by a Liothrix (it was nearest). D. limniace 

 was as yet untouched. ■ 



I put in Euploea, D. chrysippus, and two non-warningly-coloured 

 species, one a Huphina phryne. The former was taken by a Liothrix, 

 but the bird hardly had a fair choice. 



I put in Euploea, D. chrysippus, D. limniace, and a P. polites ; none 

 were taken at once, but a Liothrix found and took a non-warningly- 

 coloured one. Then Euplcea was taken. 



I put in several D. chrysippus, with a P. demoleus and a P. polites, 

 and a non-warningly-coloured specimen, which was picked out by a 

 Liothrix. 



A Button- Quail turned away from a D. chrysippus and ate the 

 H. phryne previously put in, as mentioned above, and I suppose dropped 

 by Liothrix. Soon after this I saw a Liothrix eat an Euplosa; and soon 

 after I saw another eat a D. limniace, and another take a D. chrysippus 

 which had been refused by a Button-Quail. The Papilios were still 

 alive, as also one D. limniace, one Euplosa, and several D. chrysippus. 



