626 F. Finn — Experiments with various Birds. [No. 4, 



all disappeared before the Danainse, most being taken by the Liothrix, 

 but one large specimen by a Bulbul. The latter birds were hungry. I 

 saw a Liothrix take a Junonia when close to the Euplcea. 



I then put in two Papilio polites, one of which was immediately 

 attacked by a Liothrix, D. chrysippus being at hand. A P. demoleus was 

 eaten before the other butterflies, which had, however, disappeared 

 in the evening, when I put in some more, mostly D. chrysippus and 

 Euplcea, with two Delias eucharis, I did not see these taken. A 

 solitary Junonia given was seized with obvious preference by a Liothrix. 



Experiments with various Birds. Series C. 



The present series was conducted with one of these Liothrix only,* 

 but several Bulbuls were used ; the two Molpastes bengalensis noted a 

 few lines above, and two each of the Red-whiskered (Otocompsa emeria) 

 Yellow-vented (Molpastes leucotis) and White-crested (Pycnonotus sinensis) 

 species (not Indian). The Button-Quail had been removed. 



I. I put in four Danais chrysippus and about six non-waroingly- 

 coloured butterflies. The Liothrix took one of the latter, and the 

 Common Bulbuls ate two D. chrysippus. I also saw this species 

 taken by one Yellow-vented Bulbul ; the other took a non-warniugly- 

 coloured butterfly. A bird of this species then ate readily a Delias 

 eucharis given, though they had had non-warningly-coloured butterflies, 

 and there was also fruit. 



When all the butterflies put in were gone, I introduced six or seven 

 Papilio polites and a D. limniace, and three Huphina phryne. A 

 White-crested Bulbul ate one of the P. polites, and one tried at the 

 D. limniace, and I think ate the head, but a Common Bulbul took the 

 butterfly away and swallowed it. The Liothrix took a P. polites. 



Two Huphina phryne were the last butterflies I saw eaten, one by 

 a Yellow- vented Bulbul and one by a White-crested. 



II. Next day I put in three Papilio aristolochise and two 

 P. polites. I saw the Liothrix with one of the latter, and a Common 

 Bulbul eat readily a P. aristolochise. And as all the insects soon 

 disappeared, the Bulbuls must have eaten the others also. 



III. Next day I put in nine non-warningly-coloured butterflies, 

 two Euplceas, two Danais limniace and a D. chrysippus. The last was 

 taken by a Common Bulbul, though there were plenty of other butter- 

 flies, and eaten as far as I saw, and this bird then took a non-warn- 



* But all were together with these Bulbuls a little while, and at this time one 

 day I put in a number of butterflies, mostly "protected" kinds. I thought the 

 Bnlbuls did not much relish them, but all soon disappeared. I think I saw a 

 Common Bulbul drop an Euplcea. 



