1897.] F. Finn^ — Experiments with various Birds. 627 



ingly-coloured specimen. A Red- whiskered Bulbul made its first 

 attempt on a D. limniace, though non-warningly-colour«d butterflies 

 were at hand. The Liofchrix took two of these latter. The White- 

 crested Bulbuls took some non-warningly-coloured butterflies, and 

 pecked and left Euplcea and D. Hmniace, the only Danaids I saw them 

 try ; this when the other butterflies were gone. 



The Yellow- vented Bulbuls ate only non-warningly-coloured butter- 

 flies as far as I saw. 



The last two butterflies left were an Euplcea and a D. limniace. 

 But a Red- whiskered Bulbul took and swallowed the Danais, and the 

 White-crested Bulbuls, after much battering of it, apparently disposed 

 of the Euplcea, which they evidently did not relish. One of these 

 latter birds had eaten a Papilio polites I put in readily enough, and two 

 P. demoleus disappeared, I suppose eaten by the Bulbuls. There was 

 very little fruit left, and the birds appeared to be hungry. 



In the evening I put in a P. aristolochise, which was seized and 

 killed by a White-crested Bulbul ; this bird did not appear to relish 

 it much, and seemed inclined to abandon it, when it was snatched 

 away by a Yellow-vented Bulbul. After this bird had knocked off 

 all the wings, a Red- whiskered Bulbul got the body but soon dropped 

 it. Then one White-crested Bulbul took and dropped it; then the 

 other bird of this species manipulated it for a time till it was snatched 

 away and ultimately eaten by one of the Yellow-vented species ! 



IV. I put in some Euploeas and Danais chrysippus and one or two 

 D. genutia, with a few other butterflies. 



The Liothrix took a Junonia, a Yellow-vented Bulbnl a 

 D. chrysippus. I saw a White-crested Bulbul take and drop a D. chrysip- 

 pus ; nevertheless one of these birds ate one, the other an Euplcea. I then 

 saw a White-crested Bulbul take and drop an Euplcea with apparent 

 distaste. 



All the butterflies were soon taken, the few non-warningly-coloured 

 ones disappearing first. These were smaller. A female Elymnias 

 undularis was eaten, I do not know by what bird, but it did not seem 

 to be avoided. 



In the evening I offered the Liothrix the choice of Nepheronia 

 hippia 9 , and a rather larger non-warningly-coloured species. After 

 some hesitation he took the latter, and a Yellow-vented Bulbul imme- 

 diately seized the Nepheronia, but I took this away. 



I then offered it again to the Liothrix with a male of the same 

 species, and he took it (the female). But he was perhaps in fear of a 

 Common Bulbul which approached. However, he dropped it accidentally 

 when I scared him off to try again fairly, but I found the Bulbuls 

 made this impossible, so I allowed them to get both specimens. 



