1897,] F. Finn — Experiments with various Birds. 629 



then a live Euthalia lubentina, which was eagerly chased ; a Yellow- 

 vented Bulbul either lost it or let it escape, and a Common Bulbul 

 swallowed it. I have seen the common Euthalia eaten on this occasion 

 and before. Even the Euploea soon disappeared. 



VI. About this time I put in a number of " protected " butterflies 

 of several species with a Papilio demoleus, which the Liothrix took. 

 I saw a White-crested Bulbul swallow a Danais chrysippus. 



VII. I pat into the aviary three Danais chrysippus and seven non- 

 warningly-coloured butterflies. I did not see what the Liothrix took. 



The Yellow-vented Bulbuls took non-warningly-coloured ones, one 

 Common Bulbul a Danais chrysippus, and the other a non-warningly- 

 coloured species. 



I saw a White-crested Bulbul reject a D. chrysippus, and both of 

 them reject non-warningly-coloured specimens. All the D. chrysippus 

 were eaten by the common Bulbuls, except part of one which a 

 Red -whiskered Bulbul took (other butterflies all gone apparently) and 

 a Common Bulbul snatched away. 



The White-crested Bulbuls did not seem eager for any butterflies. 

 There was fruit in the cage at the time. 



I then put in some Papilio polites, some mimetic, but most not so, 

 with one P. aristolochise. 



The Liothrix did not take any. I saw a White-crested Bulbul 

 with one of the mimicking specimens ; the other also had a P. polites, 

 and one bird at least appeared to eat its prey. The common Bulbuls 

 swallowed one at any rate. All of this species soon disappeared. But 

 the P. aristolochise was looked at by the Liothrix, and pecked by both 

 the White-crested Bulbuls, which afterwards cleaned their beaks with 

 evident disgust ; one of these birds had I think disabled the insect at 

 the first attack. 



I then put in two Neptis hamarupa, with a D. limniace, three 

 P. demoleus, and a Delias eucharis. One of the Neptis was swallow- 

 ed by one White-crested Bulbul, while the other bird of this species 

 took a P. demoleus; I did not see whether it ate it. One pecked and 

 left the D. eucharis. I saw one try at the D. limniace at first, but it 

 escaped.. I also saw this butterfly get away from a Common Bulbul, but 

 a Bed-whiskered Bulbul seized it, and it soon disappeared. Soon the 

 P. aristolochise and the D. eucharis were the only butterflies left. The 

 Liothrix took none of these butterflies, though eating fruit and the 

 head of something. 



This same individual again took part in a further series of experi- 

 ments, which 1 record below. Three more Liothrix were added, the 

 other birds used now being a Chloropsis (Ghloropsis aurifrons or 

 J. ii. 80 



