638 F. Finn — Experiments with various Birds. [No. 4, 



All the other butterflies had been eaten, even P. demoleus and 

 P. polites, which had not been attacked when I left. 



There were still plenty of maggots. These were gone in the even- 

 ing, but the D. chrysippus and Euplcea were still intact ; however, earlier 

 in the day I found the mimic gone, and the D. limniace minus wings 

 and head. 



IX. Next day, I found the D. chrysippus and Euplcea still remain- 

 ing, and took them out. 



I then added one Common Bulbul and one of the Red-whiskered 

 species. The former I shortly removed for a few days. 



Soon after putting these birds in, I put in some Danais genutia, 

 D. chrysippus, and Euplcea, with some Gatopsilias. 



These Inst were devoured first by the Liofchrix and partly by the 

 Chloropsis. The Red-whiskered Bulbul beat off the wings of an Euplcea 

 and swallowed the body. Yet all da}'', as far as I saw, a D. chrysippus 

 and Euplcea remained uneaten ; there were also plenty of maggots in 

 the cage. 



X. In the evening I offered the Chloropsis a large grey fly, which 

 it ate readily as usual. Then I gave two glossy-green flies, which it 

 chewed and dropped ; but these were eaten readily by Liothrix. The 

 Chloropsis then ate another grey fly. There were maggots and fruit in 

 the cage, besides seed. 



XI. Next day the maggots in the aviary being all eaten, I put 

 in, in the evening, one specimen each of Danais chrysippus, D. genutia, 

 and D. limniace, one Euplcea, and three Gatopsilias. 



The Chloropsis immediately attacked the last and battered one for 

 some time, till a Liothrix took it away. 



Another Liothrix got a second specimen, but these birds did not 

 attack as readily or as soon as the Chloropsis. I saw one make a flight 

 at the Euplcea when Gatopsilia was available ; it did not catch it. 



As the last Gatopsilia had been killed by a Liothrix, I put in a 

 male Hypolimnas. At this time all the "protected" species were, 

 unhurt, and part of a Gatopsilia lay about, which a Liothrix then ate. 

 Meanwhile another snapped at the D. genutia. I then turned out the 

 Hypolimnas, which had got behind a tin. It was not attacked at once, 

 but looking after dark I found only a wing or two of it left, while the 

 three Danais and the Euplcea were roosting unharmed in the aviaiy. 

 There was still fruit to be had. 



XII. Next day, when I first looked at the birds early in the morn- 

 ing all the four butterflies, (Danais and Euplcea) left last night were still 

 unhurt, though soon after I found the latter dead. They remained 

 untouched even though the birds had had no maggots yet, and also after 



