SynthesiH of Sugar 



17.> 



Apparently an excess of cakiuni format.' interfereK with polymeri- 

 sation, when the formaldehyde is very dilute, wliile with the itroiifj 

 solutions since the 5 c.c. of 10% caUium format.' requiren ft. 9 c.c. 

 of 3.5% to convert it all into CaH^O,, portion of the 5.5. 6 and 7 

 c.c. of CHjO has to be neutralised directly by the soda, and heiue 

 the percentage polymerization decreases. 



Starting with 0.25 c.c. of 10% CaCO._, an. I 0.5 c.c. of 31.5% 

 CHoO, and increasing or decreasing each proportionately, the foU 

 lowing results were obtained : — 



Water 



249.55 c.c. 

 248.75 c.c. 

 247.5 c.c. 

 245.5 c.c. 

 242.5 



On the basis that 1 molecule of CaH^Oj reacts with 9 molecule« of 

 CHjO, then 1 c.c. of 10% Ca(C00PI)2 represents 0.66 c.c. of 'M 5 

 CH,0. 



Hence the amount of calcium formate present is below that 

 theoretically lequired, and a large portion of the CH^O reacts 

 diiectly with the soda, giving a low percentage polymerisation. 

 Further, tw^o standards w^ere taken, namely, (A) 5 c.c. of 10% 

 CaCO, to 3 c.c. of 31.5% CH^O, and (B) 5 c.c. of 10% CaCOj to 



c.c. of 31.5% CH2O. The amounts of each were increased or de- 

 creased proportionately to one another in the two sets of tests, A 

 and B, and added to 250 c.c. of water. 



f.f. of 10 



per cent. 

 Ca(COOn). 



c.c. of 31.5 

 per cent. 

 CH2O 



c.c. of 8..S 

 y*er cent. 

 NaHO re<piire«l 



l>r cent 

 |>ol\ni<'riution 

 1 ofCH.O 



0.62 



1.25 



5.1 



A2 



1.25 



2.5 



6.4 



.-if) 



2.5 



5.(1 



i:^o 



r,s 



5.0 



10.0 



27.9 



54 



7.5 



15.0 



•19.0 



4C 



c.c. of 10 per cent. 



c.c. cf 31.5 per cent. 



Cji(COOH)2 



CH2O 



1.6 



1.0 



3.3 



2.0 



5.0 



3.0 



6.6' 



4.0 



8.2 



50 



9.8 



6.0 



11.4 



70 



13.1 



8.0 



c.c. of 10 per cent. 



c.c. of 31.. T percent. 



Ca(C00H2) 



CH2O 



1.88 



1.5 



2.5 



2.0 



3.76 



3.0 



6.0 



4.0 



6.25 



5.0 



7.5 



6.0 



8.75 



7.0 



10.0 



8.2 



c.c. of 3.5 per cent. 

 NaHO required 



Percent, polvnteriiatlon- 

 of C'H.jO 



4.S 





20 



6.2 





60 



6.5 





63 



8.6 





65 



10. 1 





66 



13.2 





63 



15.6 





63 



19.2 





60 



c.c. of S.5 per cent. 

 NaHO required 



Per( 



'cnt Tv.lvM>rrlA«llOIV 



of CHaO 



7.1 





20 



6.4 





45 



7.4 





r>o 



H.2 





62 



9.4 





68 



11.0 





70 



16.1 





61 



18.5 





61 



