1871. J F. Day — Monograph of Indian Cyprinidce. 101 



Lastly unrecognised species which have been collected into one 

 genus termed Gymnostomus* appear to consist of specimens of Laieo, 

 Cirrhina and Rashora ; the genus is consequently suppressed. 



Family, CYPRiNiDiE. 



Branchiostegals three : pseudo-branchiae generally present. 

 Body oblong or elongated : abdomen usually rounded, but, 

 if compressed and cutting, destitute of ossicles. Margin of 

 the upper jaw formed by the intermaxillaries. Opercles in 

 four pieces. Mouth toothless, but from one to three rows of 

 teeth in the inferior pharyngeal bones, which latter are strong, 

 free, and parallel to the branchial arches. A single rayed 

 dorsal fin. Head scaleless, body scaled or scaleless, never 

 covered by osseous plates. No " cul de sac" to the stomach, 

 no pyloric appendages. Air bladder if present large ; it may 

 be divided by a constriction into an anterior and posterior 

 portion, neither of which are enclosed by bone (cyprinin/e) : 

 or into two lateral portions, partially or entirely enclosed in a 

 bony capsule, (cobitidinze) : or absent (homalopterin/e). 



Geographical distribution. — Carps are found in the fresh- waters of 

 the Old World and North America. In India and Burma they 

 are exceedingly numerous and of very diversified forms. During 

 the hot months a few of the species appear to a3stivate, remaining- 

 in the mud of ponds and perhaps of rivers, until the return of the 

 monsoon or rainy season. Some of the cobitidin2E seem to possess 

 aerial respiration. 



* Lenciscus rubripes, Jerdon, M. J. L. and Sc, 1849, p. 323, from the 

 Bowany river, requires rediscovering and redesci'ibing, the description and ori- 

 ginal figure would make it as follows : — 



Vh A£, L. 1. 45, L. tr. 12. 



Length of head i ; of caudal £ ; height of body A of the total length. 



Eyes : — Diameter f of length of head. 



Profile of back slightly arched. Two barbels. Mouth very slightly oblique. 



Pins. — Dorsal arises above the interspace between the ventral and anal fins. 

 Caudal lunate 



Lateral line — descending at first, then nearly parallel to the abdomen, which 

 is nearly straight. 



Colours. — Green above, golden on the sides, silvery beneath ; dorsal fin 

 yellow, edged with black : pectorals yellow ; ventral and anal white, tiuped 

 with vermilion ; caudal pink in the centre, yeHow externally. 



A single specimen procured, 6 inches long. 



