1871.] F. Day — Monograph of Indian Cyprinida. 303 



Poo-meen-candee, Tamil. ; Naliarm Hind. ; Kukkiah, Punjab. 



B. III. D. 3/9, P. 18, V. 9, A. 2/5, C. 19, L. 1. 23-27, L. tr. 4/4. 

 Vert. 20/21. 



Length of head 2/9, of caudal 1/5, height of body 1/5 of the 

 total length. 



Eyes. Diameter 1/4 of length of head ; about 1 diameter from 

 end of snout, and rather less apart. 



Snout pointed and compressed, the lower jaw being the shortest ; 

 mouth somewhat deeply cleft, whilst thick cartilaginous lips 

 generally exist in both jaws forming a lobe above and below,* 

 the summit of the head being nearly flat. These lobes may be 

 larger or smaller, but only designating varieties not distinct species ; 

 and the same I consider with regard to the relative length of the 

 dorsal spine (B. longispinis), and even in this last, besides the slight 

 development of the lower lobe, the snout is rather pointed. 

 Maxillary barbels longer than the rostral ones. 



Teeth, pharyngeal — crooked, with sharp extremities 5, 3, 2/2, 3, 5. 



Fins. Dorsal spine strong, entire, and from half to as long as 



the head, varying in different localities, and amongst specimens in 



the same locality ; upper margin of fin slightly concave . Caudal 



deeply forked. 



Lateral line — complete, 2 rows of scales between it and the 

 base of the ventral fins. 



Colours. Uniform silvery. 



Hah. Mountain streams, or those which are rocky and not far 

 removed from high land, throughout India. It has been taken 

 from the. Himalayas to the Neilgherries. In the Punjab and 

 N. W. Provinces it descends rivers and canals during the cold 

 season, re-ascen«ling when practicable towards their sources as the 

 hot months set in. They appear to breed also in the vicinity of or 

 on the hills, attaining 3 feet or more in length. The largest 

 specimen I heard of weighed 92 lb., at which size the fish becomes 

 coarse, oily and very inferior as food. Up to 20 lb. weight or 



* Amongst 20 specimens all of about 10 inches in length and taken the 

 same day in the ChuMcee, a hill affluent of the Sutlej, I found in two the 

 snout elongated overhanging the upper jaw, in several the middle of the upper 

 lip elongated, but to varying lengths, and in a smaller number no elongation of 

 the upper lip. The median lobe of the lower lip was very variously produced, 

 but apparent in all. 



