xxx INTEODUCTION. 



towards it, shouting and beating the water so as to drive the fish into the enclosed 

 space, and then two men throw their casting-nets 2 or 3 times, not only capturing fish 

 but causing numbers to rush into the meshes of the " tawansy." The Grey Mullets 

 are great jumpers, and the larger ones, which are too big to be caught in the meshes, 

 try to escape by leaping over the sections which have been set obliquely on purpose, 

 when they fall into the " sharrakat " which has been set outside. 



Another ingenious sort of net used on some of the lakes and occasionally on the 

 Nile is known by various names, being called an " eddet-el-na'ama " or simply 

 "na'ama" on Lakes Borollos and Edkou, an " eddet-el-raffa'a " on Lake Menzaleh and 







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at Cairo, and " mohoiyar " at Kafr-el-Zayat. The method of working it is different on 

 the lakes and on the Nile. The dimensions vary considerably : a typical one on Lake 

 Edkou measured 150 metres in length and 1 metre in width and was composed of three 



Pig. 11. 



separate nets fastened together along both upper and lower edges, to which floats and 

 weights were respectively attached. The mesh of the outer nets is from 3 to 6 inches, 

 of the inner f to 1 inch (diagram, fig. 10, a), the idea being that the fish in trying to 

 escape easily passes through the large mesh outer net, but is stopped by the small- 

 meshed inner one, which is looser than the outer ones, so that in struggling forward 

 he pushes it through the large mesh of the net on the other side and thus finds himself 

 caught in a pocket of his own making (see diagram, fig. 10, b). On the Nile the net is 



