FUNDULUS. 413 



2. FUNDULUS. 



Lacepede, Hist. Poiss. v. p. 37 (1803) ; Giinther, Cat. Fish. vi. p. 318 (1866). 



Hydrargyra, Lacepede, t. c. p. 378. 



JSotliobranchius, Peters, Mori. Berl. Ac. 1868, p. 145. 



Mouth small; mandible short, with the bones on each side firmly united; teeth 

 conical, in a narrow band, those of the outer series largest. Scales moderate or rather 

 small. Dorsal fin commencing before or opposite the origin of the anal. Ventral 

 fins present, far behind the base of the pectorals. Intestinal tract short. Oviparous. 



Fresh and brackish waters of Spain, Tropical and South Africa, Japan, North and 

 Central America. 



About thirteen species from the Old World and forty from the New. Of the ten or 

 eleven African species, only one has to be noticed here. 



1. FUNDULUS TiENIOPYGUS. 

 (Plate LXXIX. fig. 5.) 



Fundulus (JNothobranchius) orthonotus, var., Hilgendorf, Sitzb. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1888, p. 78. 

 Nothobranchius tceniopygus, HilgendorE, op. cit. 1891, p. 20. 



Fundulus tceniopygus, Pfeffer, Tbierw. O.-Afr., Fische, p. 48 (1896) ; Hilgendorf, Zool. Jahrb., 

 Syst. xxii. 1905, p. 416. 



Depth of body three to three and three-fourths times in the total length, length of 

 head three to three and a half times. Upper surface of head convex from between the 

 eyes ; snout very short and broad, with the mouth directed upwards, the lower jaw 

 projecting; teeth forming a broad band, the outer enlarged ; diameter of the eye three 

 and a half times in the length of the head, interorbital width twice and one-third ; 

 two or three series of scales on the cheek. Dorsal fin with 17 rays, originating a little 

 in advance of the anal and at equal distance from the eye and from the root of the 

 caudal fin, the longest rays three-fifths to three-fourths the length of the head. Anal 

 fin with 17 or 18 rays, the longest about three-fifths the length of the head. Male 

 with small spine-like tubercles on the dorsal and anal fins. Pectoral fin about three- 

 fifths the length of the head, much longer than the ventral, which is inserted midway 

 between the end of the snout and the root of the caudal fin. Caudal fin rounded. 

 Caudal peduncle once and one-third as long as deep. Scales with feeble concentric 

 striae, 30 or 31 in a longitudinal series, 23 or 24 round the body in front of the ventral 

 fins ; lateral line indicated by an interrupted series of pits. 



