ATHEEINA. 423 



1. ATHEEINA. 



Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. i. p. 519 (1766) ; Gtinther, Cat. Fish. iii. p. 392 (1861) ; 

 Clementina Borsieri, Contr. Con. Sp. Eur. Atherina (1904). 



Cleft of mouth oblique ; teeth small, conical. Body more or less elongate, sub- 

 cylindrical or feebly compressed ; scales cycloid, moderate or rather large, extending 

 on parts of the head ; no distinct lateral line. Anterior dorsal fin small but well 

 developed, formed of 5 to 9 feeble spines ; second dorsal and anal fins opposite to each 

 other. Ventral fins inserted at a considerable distance behind the base of the pectorals. 

 Vertebrae 43 to 56. 



This genus is represented over nearly the whole world, except in Arctic and Antarctic 

 regions. Although primarily marine, a few species have established themselves in 

 fresh waters. 



1. ATHERINA MOCHON. 



Atherina hepsetus, var., Delaroche, Ann. Mus. Paris, xiii. 1809, p. 358. 



Atherina mochon, Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Poiss.x. p. 434, pi. ccciv. fig. 1 (1835) ; Gruichenot, 



Explor. Alg., Poiss. p. 67 (1850) ; Gunther, Cat. Fish. iii. p. 396 (1861) ; Steindacbner, 



Sitzb. Ak. Wien, lvii. i. 1868, p. 678 ; Canestrini, Fauna d'ltal., Pesci, p. 116 (1874) ; 



Moreau, Hist. Nat. Poiss. France, iii. p. 209 (1881) ; Marion, Ann. Mus. Marseille, Zool. iv. 



1891, p. 94 ; Lonnberg, Bih. Svensk. Vet.-Ak. Handl. xxvi. iv. 1900, no. 8, p. 8 *. 

 Atherina risso, Cuvier & Valenciennes, t. c. p. 435 ; Playfair & Letourneux, Ann. & Mag. N. H. (4) 



viii. 1871, p. 387 ; Moreau, t. c. p. 210 ; Clementina Borsieri, Zool. Anz. 1902, p. 599, and 



Contr. Con. Sp. Eur. Atherina, p. 47, pi. x. (1904). 

 Atherina sarda, Cuvier & Valenciennes, t. c. p. 435. 

 Atherina lacustris, Bonaparte, Icon. Faun. Ital., Pesci, pi. — . fig. 3 (1836) ; Martens, Arch. £. 



Naturg. xxiii. 1857, p. 167, pi. ix. figs. 1 & 2 ; Gunther, t. c. p. 394 ; Canestrini, op. cit. p. 9 ; 



Eoule, C. R. Ac. Sci. cxxxvi. 1903, p. 824 ; H. W. Fowler, Proc. Ac. Philad. lv. 1904, 



p. 727. 

 Atherina caspia, Eichwald, Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1838, p. 136, and Faun. Casp.-Cauc. p. 163, 



pi. xxxiii. figs. 1 & 2 (1841). 

 Atherina pontica, Eichwald, 11. cc. pp. 137, 164, pi. xxxiii. figs. 3 & 4 ; Kessler, Trud. St. Peterb. 



Obskeh. Erbest,v. 1874, p. 296. 

 Atherina hoieri (non Risso), Deperet, Bull. Soc. H. N. Toulouse, xvii. 1883, p. 82. 



* The fish described and figured by Bonaparte, Costa, and C. Borsieri as A. mochon does not agree with 

 "Valenciennes's figure, and is a distinct species, differing in the more forward position of the ventral fins and 

 iu having as many as 26 to 30 gill-rakers on the lower part of the anterior arch. 



