502 CICHLID.E. 



to the last, which measures two-fifths to three-fifths the length of the head ; longest soft 

 rays half to nearly once the length of the head. Anal fin with 3 (rarely 4) spines 

 and 8 to 10 (rarely 11) soft rays ; third spine as long as or a little shorter than the 

 last dorsal. Pectoral fin more or less pointed, two-thirds to nearly once the length of 

 the head. Ventral fin reaching the vent, the origin of the anal, or beyond. Caudal 

 fin rounded. Caudal peduncle as long as or a little longer than deep. Scales strongly 

 denticulate, 28-36 ^y~ (five to seven series between the first dorsal spine and the 

 lateral line) ; lateral lines ^^. 



Coloration varying from brownish to olive-green, with or without rather indistinct 

 dark cross-bands, sometimes with an interrupted dark lateral band from the eye to the 

 root of the caudal fin ; a more or less distinct dark brown or black vertical bar below 

 the anterior third of the eye ; often two dark streaks across the snout ; a dark opercular 

 spot ; vertical fins with or without more or less distinct small dark and light spots, the 

 dorsal often edged with black in the males ; anal usually with several yellow or orange 

 ocelli, edged with red, in the males ; ventral fins yellow in the females, black or 

 blackish in the males. 



The largest specimen referred by me to this species measures 150 millimetres. 



Admitting the various forms enumerated in the synonymy to be correctly referred to 

 one species, H. desfontainesi would have a very wide distribution, extending over the 

 northern border of the Algerian and Tunisian Sahara, Syria around the Lake of Galilee, 

 the Bahr-el-Gebel, Lakes Victoria and Kivu, and a considerable part of German East 

 Africa. This distribution is represented by the large series of specimens before me : — 



35 Tepid springs of Ain-Umash, near Biskra, Algeria. — Lord Walsingham, 2-3.06. 



1 Tepid springs of* Cafsa, Tunisia. — Marquis G. Doria, 1874. 

 5 Tepid springs of Cafsa. — J. S. Whitaker, 1894. 



2 Ain-el-Tabigah, Syria. — Dr. L. Lortet, 1880. (Types of C.jlavii-josephi.) 

 1 Gondokoro. — Loat, 10.4.02. (Type of P. wingatii.) 



8 Gondokoro.— Loat, 20.1-22.2.02. 



40 Entebbe, Lake Victoria.— Degen, 29.5-14.10.05. 



1 Buganga, Lake Victoria. — Degen, 15.11.05. 



1 Buddu Coast, Lake Victoria. — M. Simon, 1906. 

 12 Lake Victoria.— Col. Delme Radcliffe, 1904. 



2 Lake Kivu.— J. E. S. Moore, 1900. 



1 Kandoa, German East Africa.— Capt. Bloyet, 1882. (Type of H. bloyetl) 



4 Lake Manjara, German East Africa. — O. Neumann, 1893. (Types of T. sparsidens.) 



2 Umbugwe, German East Africa. — O. Neumann, 1893. 



I have long hesitated to accept the suggestion made by Dr. Pellegrin that the 

 various forms mentioned in the above synonymy should be regarded as representing 

 one species. However, the large series of fishes brought home by Mr. Degen tends to 



