Botany. 417 



" Viola ericetorum, Schrad. V. canina y. Reich, (whose V. canina is not that of 

 British and other authors,) perhaps V. pumila of Villars, and in all probability 

 V. montana of Linnaeus." He stated that it differed from V. flavicornis of Smith 

 in many respects ; in habit appearing to be intermediate between V. canina and 

 V. lactea. The form of the filamental glands, he seemed to think, and their re- 

 lation to the spur, would afford excellent characters for distinguishing the spe- 

 cies in the genus Viola, although no author appeared to have regarded them in 

 that light. 



Dr Balfour exhibited Ononis reclinata in flower, raised from seeds brought 

 from Galloway last year. 



July 14, Mr Carpenter read some observations on the structural analogies be- 

 tween the animal and vegetable kingdoms, in which he endeavoured to show the 

 correspondence between the principal groups of each ; and to apply to plants the 

 laws of development which have been established by the investigation of the 

 structure of animals. 



Drs Graham and Balfour gave the following new localities for the plants after 

 mentioned. Habenaria chlorantha, near Airdrie, and on the Pentland Hills abun- 

 dant. Asperugo procumbens, field near Luffness. Specularia hybrida, near 

 Dirleton and Luffness, — in the latter place abundant. Trientalis Europaea, near 

 Dalmahoy Hill, found by Dr Parnell. Corallorhiza innata, wood near Currie. 

 Alyssum calycinum, discovered in Leicestershire, by the Rev. A. Bloxam. 



Philosophia Botanica — Professor Link intends publishing a new edition of his 

 Philosophia Botanica ; and as a separate work, but in illustration of it, he is pre- 

 paring some plates, to be published under the title of " Icones Anatomico-bota- 

 nicce." — Comp. to Bot. Mag. ii. p. 76. 



Willdenowian Herbarium. — This is arranged on paper of a size between that 

 of the Linnaean (a small foolscap) and other old Herbaiia, and the present usual 

 size, (sixteen and a-half inches long, by ten and a quarter broad.) Each speci- 

 men is fastened down by strips of paper to a single sheet, and all those that 

 Willdenow had left under one cover, as one species, are carefully put together 

 into a neat double sheet of blue paper. The labels, written by Willdenow 

 not having been attached by him to individual species, but left loose in the 

 covers, have been fastened to the new covers, which have also a number, be- 

 ginning from the commencement in the order of his species, and the individual 

 sheets in each cover are also numbered ; so that in referring to any specimen 

 in the Herbarium, it is henceforth identified by quoting the number of the 

 specific cover, and that of the sheet on the cover. I have been particular in 

 describing this, because it appears to me to be the most useful way of preserv- 

 ing those Herbaria of distinguished botanists which serve as authorities for their 

 works, and would be far better than the slovenly manner in which Linnaeus, Sib- 

 thorp's, and others of our Herbier's types are allowed to remain. As to the plants 

 themselves in Willdenow's Herbarium, there are, perhaps, not quite so many as 

 one might have expected ; often bad specimens, and unfortunately in many in- 

 stances, additional specimens have been thrown into the old covers by him with- 

 out examination, and the labels mixed so that it would require much caution in 

 ascertaining which was the individual specimen the author had in view. But it 



