BETWEEN THE TYNE AND THE WANSBECK 9 1 



portant tributary, which, rising at Killingworth, flowed much 

 in the direction of the Willow Dene Burn. Some data derived 

 from borings and sinkings which enable one to follow the 

 course of the " Ouseburn" may now be quoted ; though some- 

 what fragmentary in character they suffice, along with others 

 in the same district and with field observation, to fix the 

 course of the pre-glacial stream with considerable probability. 







Height of 



Thickness of Drift 



RoCK-SURFACE 



Name of Placr. in 



Feet. 



IN Feet. 



Callerton Colliery- 



143 



137 



Low Luddick 



144 



166 



Woolsington ... 



99 



loi ,. 



Grange (or Waterworks) Farm 



118 



62 



West Gosforth 



126 



74 



Coxlodge Hall 



128 



90 



Jesmond (near Heaton Haugh) 



72 



-12 



The last figure (-12) is depth of the rock-surface below sea-level. 



It is not without interest to note that the three valleys 

 (namely, that of the " Blyth " north of Blagdon, of the "Pont" 

 east of Berwick Hill, and that of the "Ouseburn" from West 

 Gosforth southwards) which have been so completely choked 

 with drift in glacial times as to give rise afterwards to a 

 radically different drainage system, all trend in the general 

 direction from south to north or vice-versa, that is at a high 

 angle to v^'liat must be regarded as the main direction of ice- 

 movement during the greater part of the Glacial Period. On 

 the other hand, those portions of the pre-glacial valleys which 

 have approximated in direction to that of ice-movement, seem 

 not to have been completely obliterated by accumulations of 

 drift materials. 



IV. — Forsaken Water Courses. 



The recognition of these as, in many cases, the result of 

 glacial action, is chiefiy owing to the researches of Kendall* 

 and Dwerryhouse,t who studied systems of deserted channels 



* "On a System of G-lacier-Lakes in the Cleveland Hills," Quart. Jour. Geol. 

 Soc, Tol. Iviii., p. 503 (1902). 



t "The Glaoiation of Teesdale, Weardale, and the Tyne Valley and their 

 Tributary Valleys," Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc, vol. Iviii., p. 572 (1902). 



