THE GLACIAL GEOLOGY OF NORTHUMBERLAND 97 



transition from kaims to moraines in the ascension of the 

 Lisles Burn and Whiskershiels valleys and the passage 

 upwards of morainic matter into well-rounded shingle in the 

 same section. Similar relationships are clear in many parts 

 of the county. The drumlins of Hartburn and Middleton are 

 continuous with, and point in the same direction as the kaims 

 of Throp Hill, and there is no break between these and the 

 terraced deposits of Mitford. The morainic dams of Roughlees 

 and Coppath show the passage upwards into gravel and sand. 

 The Bradford kaims are morainic in some parts, gravelly in 

 others, and they are closely associated with drumlins and 

 sandy ridges which show convex bendings towards the main 

 ridge, sometimes blending completely with it. The Wansbeck 

 drift barrier near Meldon is capped with a belt of kaims, the 

 directions of the individual members being parallel to that of 

 the barrier as a whole. Lastly, a drift ridge, remarkably 

 uniform in height and breadth, stretches from Whitefield on 

 the Wansbeck to the Coquet near Felton, and this shows the 

 transition from gravel at the south end, through boulder clay, 

 to gravels with kaim-like arrangement at Crowden Hill and 

 sand at the northern end. (This ridge may be called the 

 Crowden Hill Ridge for ease of reference, and is marked as 

 such on the map). 



The Composition of the Glacial Gravels. — The glacial 

 gravels sometimes resemble in composition the clay on which 

 they rest, whether this be purely local, as at Camp Hill 

 (Shipley Burn), Whetstone House, and Linnheads (Lisles 

 Burn), or far-travelled, as at Blanch Burn, where Cheviot 

 porphyrites are common. Occasionally kaims not far removed 

 may exhibit considerable differences in composition from one 

 another. The Eachwick kaims, for example, abound in Lake 

 District rocks and hold but few Cheviot porphyrites; the 

 Kirkley kaims, only three miles away, contain few Lake rocks, 

 and many of Cheviot origin. 



Some of the upper gravelly deposits, however, are strikingly 

 different in composition from the underlying clays. This fact 

 was observed long ago by Tate [i] in the Alnwick district. 



G 



