8 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



berry which occupied the large, low. central valleys of Seneca. 

 Cayuga and Keuka. with its outlet south through the village of 

 Horseheads to the Chemung-Susquehanna, at a present altitude of 

 900 feet [see titles 16. 26]. The other was the Genesee valley waters 

 which escaped at different times and levels to Susquehanna. Alle- 

 gany-Ohio-Mississippi and Erian-Mississippi drainage [see title 40]. 



The latest stage of the waters, previous to the initiation of the 

 channels to be described, seems to have been the union of these 

 two bodies of water into one extensive lake, outflowing westward 

 by the lowest channels southwest of Batavia. above 900 feet, into 

 Lake Warren. Whether Lake Xewberry found any escape east- 

 ward, in the vicinity of Syracuse, before its lowering waters became 

 confluent with the Genesee waters is not certain, but this seems 

 unlikely. This wide extended central Xew York water probably 

 extended from Batavia eastward nearly to Syracuse; bounded on 

 the north by the ice front, and with many southward prolonga- 

 tions extending up the valleys. It is the same water as noted 

 above lying in altitude between the Xewberry plane and 900 feet, 

 and is an important lake in relation to the drainage history of the 

 region. It is the lowest stage of the waters formerly called the 

 Warren Tributary lake, the seventh stage of the Genesee glacial 

 waters as described in a former writing [title 21]. These waters 

 were falling in altitude, indefinite in boundaries and comparatively 

 transitory in life, on which account they might not deserve a dis- 

 tinctive name; but being an important link in the chain of lake 

 succession, and requiring frequent mention, it is desirable to give 

 them a name, and we have called them Lake Hall, after James 

 Hall, whose classical report [title 5] covered the outlet district [see 

 title 40 and pi. 36]. 



While the ice-fronting waters were standing at the Batavia level it 

 appears that the waning of the ice barrier in the Split Rock district, 

 west of Syracuse, opened outlets for the water lower than the Bata- 

 via escape and the flow was diverted to the east. The continued 

 eastward flow at falling levels produced the stream phenomena 

 which form one special subject of this writing. The facts of obser- 

 vation on which the above history is based will be given below in 

 the descriptive matter. As a distinctive name we have called these 

 standing waters with falling levels and eastward escape Lake 

 Vanuxem, after Lardner Vanuxem. whose territory in the first 

 Xew York survey [title 4] included the Syracuse region [see pi. 37]. 



One important change in the conception of the glacial lake his- 



