32 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



nificent cataract, the James ville cataract and lake 1 [pi. 22-24]. 

 Continuing their flow across the next ridge these waters cut a 

 series of steep gullies and cliffs along the west side of the Limestone 

 valley south of Fayette ville and west of Manlius. One cataract 

 and lake. Blue lake [pi. 25], comparable in size to the Jamesville 

 lake and rock amphitheater, lies 2 miles northeast of Jamesville. 

 while another lake. White lake, lies at the junction of the Blue 

 lake canyon and the east and west High Bridge channel. Descrip- 

 tions of these cataract lakes were published in an earlier writing 

 and details need not be repeated here [see title 27.. p. 126-29]. 



The larger and lower channels across the ridge between the 

 Onondaga and Butternut valleys were described and illustrated 

 in the former writings [titles 25—27]. The highest channel then 

 recognized is the large canyon southwest of Jamesville, called the 

 Reservoir channel, which is a deep gorge in the Marcellus shale, 

 with a length of 3 miles, lying directly across the intervalley ridge. 

 The altitude of the valley bottom is about 840 feet. Higher east- 

 leading channels are now known, which are mapped on plate 4, 

 and which are partly responsible for the circular depression for- 

 merly regarded as a loop of the Reservoir channel. The mass 

 encircled by the glacial and recent stream flow resembles a drumlin 

 in form, but is probably rock with a drift cap and has been shaped 

 by the stream work and weathering. Still higher and somewhat 

 indefinite cuts, reaching up to near 1200 feet, probably belong to 

 an earlier time and carried local Butternut waters westward. 



The most compact and remarkable set of cross-ridge channels 

 lies north of the parallel of Jamesville. As they are all under about 

 800 feet they were probably originated by the outflow of the falling 

 waters of Lake Vanuxem, and long subsequently were enlarged 

 along with the Reservoir channel, by the much more copious 

 waters of the falling Warren. 



The lowest of the group is one of the most convincing illustra- 

 tions of the work of ice-dammed waters, and in its form, preser- 



1 This lake has been described by E. C. Quereau in a paper numbered 44 

 in the bibliographic list. As three of the five lakes found in the Jamesvilie- 

 Fayetteville district were locally called "green" lakes it was desirable to 

 rename them. Dr Quereau renamed the one west of Jamesville the James- 

 ville lake. The similar lake 2 miles northeast of Jamesville the writer has 

 renamed Blue lake [see title 27] since it is really a greenish blue color, and 

 there is no near-by geographic feature to designate it. The name Green 

 lake is allowed to stand for one of the plunge-basin lakes midway between 

 Fayetteville and Kirkville, 





