GLACIAL WATERS IN CENTRAL NEW YORK 39 



are only weathered remnants of the soft Vernon beds of the Salina. 

 It should be noted that the forms have smoother and more graceful 

 surfaces than moraines, and that there is an almost entire absence 

 of boulders and foreign material in the fields. In the plowed fields 

 and stream gullies the bright green and red colors of the Vernon 

 shales appear. 



Chittenango valley to Oneida valley 



The stream phenomena of this region are depicted in the map, 

 plate 5. 



This west-to-east stretch of about 12 miles includes two great 

 ridges, Cranson hill and West Stockbridge hill, with a deep, narrow, 

 intervening valley, Cowaselon creek or Lenox valley. The Cranson 

 hill is on the meridian of Canastota and the West Stockbridge hill 

 on the meridian of Oneida. 



The earliest and highest channel found on the Cranson hill ridge 

 lies a half mile southwest of the village of Perryville with a con- 

 spicuous delta plateau close to the village. The channel, which 

 seems to have been overlooked by the topographers, is in shale, J 

 mile long, 100 feet deep and with a width of bottom of 175 to 200 

 feet. The delta covers several acres, with two terraces, and with 

 abrupt wall facing the village. The altitude of the channel is about 

 1200 feet. 



The channels of the Cranson hill series proper lie on the steep 

 slope within a belt 2 miles wide on the meridian and 6 miles long' 

 east and west. The highest channel begins j mile northeast of 

 Perryville and determined the upper level of the Perryville delta 

 [pi. 28]. It is a winding cut in Hamilton shale with altitude of 

 about 1230 feet, and continues around the hill as a cut terrace at 

 about 1200 feet. The character of the stream cutting in the lime- 

 stone is shown in plate 29. The lowest and longest channel in the 

 series is down in Salina shale and forms an east and west valley 

 nearly 6 miles long. The west half of the channel is utilized by the 

 Elmira and Cortland division of the Lehigh Valley Railroad, while 

 the east half of the channel is occupied by the Clockville creek, the 

 upper waters of which come down the escarpment from the south- 

 The village of Clockville lies where the north and south ravine 

 bisects the east and west glacial channel. 



Between the Clockville channel, altitude 800 feet at the intake, 

 and the Canastota scourway, about 430 feet, a breadth of 2 J miles, 

 there are four channels. These occupy the low passes in the Salina 

 plain. 



