GLACIAL WATERS IN CENTRAL NEW YORK 47 



Butternut and Limestone valleys. The higher channels of the 

 Jamesville district are in shale and therefore not favorable to 

 deltas. The canyon of Jamesville lake and the Railroad channel 

 supplied a great volume of limestone boulders which entirely 

 filled the narrow Butternut valley for some distance north from 

 Jamesville. This deposit was partially removed by the powerful 

 currents of the lowering rivers and redeposited at lower levels 

 farther north. The vigorous Butternut creek has aided in this 

 work, but its burden has been carried farther out on the Oneida 

 lowlands. 



The facts briefly noted above for the Butternut valley deposits 

 apply without important qualification to those in the Limestone 

 valley, at Manlius and Fayetteville. The coarseness of these 

 deposits, their large proportion of limestone, the irregularity of 

 the surfaces, and the resemblance at first sight to bouldery moraines, 

 are striking features. 



Chittenango and Cowaselon valleys. The scouring of the lime- 

 stones on the north face of Eagle hill is very pronounced, though 

 the cutting is not extreme. The writer has not made sufficiently 

 close examination to say that no delta fragments rest against 

 the west wall of the valley opposite the higher channels, but the 

 map [pi. 4, 5] clearly shows the absence of any large delta. The 

 only deposit which has been recognized is on the low ground north 

 and west of Chittenango, and belongs to the Pools brook and 

 Mycenae channel. The explanation would seem to be that the 

 deposits thrown into the Chittenango valley by the higher pro- 

 glacial drainage have been rolled down the steep slopes by the 

 postglacial storm waters and seized and swept north by the present 

 creek. 



A similar statement and explanation applies to the valley south 

 of Canastota, and to the Cowaselon valley above Wampsville. 

 The flat areas at Lenox seem to be Vernon shales, but some of the 

 ground north of Wampsville should probably be marked as delta 



[pi- 5]. 



Oneida valley. The detritus held by the lowest proglacial drain- 

 age in the Chittenango-Canastota district was probably carried 

 east past the valleys considered above and finally dropped in the 

 Oneida valley. However, the broad delta south of Oneida Castle 

 seems to correlate with the channels on the west, in Salina shales, 

 and to be mainly composed of shale rubbish. It has been eroded 

 by storm-wash to such degree that it has the aspect of a moraine, 



