GLACIAL WATERS IN CENTRAL NEW YORK 5 1 



be slight since all the slope below 700 feet has been swept by the 

 sub-Dana escape. In connection with the Warren overflow and 

 the Dana level we will recur to this point later. 



The phenomena in the western critical district are not so satis- 

 factory. The Warren shore line lies along the crest of the Onondaga 

 scarp from Indian Falls around to east of Batavia, at about 880 

 feet. The most northerly point and the highest on the beach is 

 near the " Pond " triangulation station, 3 miles west of Oakfield, 

 with altitude 887 feet. In this curving stretch of about 16 miles 

 the beach phenomena are interrupted but positive, and show the 

 lake altitude. When the ice sheet receded from the salient between 

 Oakfield and South Byron there should have been a rush of water 

 either east or west through the pass, unless there was a practical 

 equality of level in the two water bodies either side of the opening, 

 which is not impossible. The ice sheet was certainly holding the 

 Warren waters in the Erie basin, and if the waters in central New 

 York were much lower than the Warren then the rush of Warren 

 waters through the new opening would have produced erosion 

 channels below the Warren plane. On the other hand, if the ice 

 front at Syracuse had previously readvanced and closing the east- 

 leading passes had raised the central New York waters to a level 

 above the Warren plane, or possibly created a second Lake Hall, 

 then with the opening of the Oakfield pass the higher waters would 

 have cut west-leading channels at a level above the Warren plane. 

 But no channels have been found which answer to either case. 

 The land surface from Indian Falls around to Morganville, east of 

 Batavia, is irregular with drumlin and moraine drift, both above 

 and below the Warren plane, which the Warren waves have not 

 seriously affected. There are stretches of steep slopes and ledges 

 beneath the beaches which might suggest river banks, but they 

 do not have the directness or continuity of strong channel walls, 

 while wave work was certainly present there. It is the writer's 

 judgment that the moraines in the district are pre- Warren in time 

 and that no stream cutting lies across the salient. It seems cer- 

 tain that the Warren w r aters invaded central New York at their 

 full level instead of rushing in to occupy vacant territory. 



Looking at the possibility of westward flow of waters superior 

 to Warren we see that central New York waters could not stand 

 higher than Lake Hall, slightly over 900 feet. The total possible 

 fall from a second Lake Hall down to the Warren was only about 

 20 feet. 



