GLACIAL WATERS IN CENTRAL NEW YORK - 



steady eastward escape to the Mohawk-Hudson, which had been 

 cleared of its ice barrier. The waters with eastward flow, and 

 under 900 feet, are here named Lake Vanuxem, after Lardner 

 Vanuxem, a coworker with Hall and whose district included the 

 Syracuse region [pi. 37]. 



6 The outlet channels of the Vanuxem waters lie on the north- 

 facing slopes west of Syracuse, on Howlet hill and at Split Rock, 

 while the channels of continued flow lie across the ridges east of 

 Syracuse [pi. 4]. 



7 Continued recession of the ice front in the Syracuse district 

 finally lowered Lake Vanuxem until it was represented only by the 

 shallow waters over the Seneca-Cayuga depression (the Montezuma 

 marshes area) and a separate narrow lake in the Genesee valley 

 [pi. 38]. The series of east-leading channels which head east and 

 north of Leroy and extend to Phelps were made by the ice-border 

 or proglacial drainage during the lowering and extinction of Lake 

 Vanuxem. 



8 During the life and extinguishment of Lake Vanuxem the 

 Warren waters were excluded from central New York and confined 

 to the Erie basin by the ice barrier north of Batavia. 



Subsequent to the extinction of Lake Vanuxem, the length of 

 time unknown, the ice front readvanced in the Syracuse district 

 with a consequent redamming of the central New York waters. 

 The result was the re-creation of Lake Vanuxem (in rising levels) 

 and possibly the renewal of Lake Hall. 



9 While Lake Vanuxem II (or perhaps a Lake Hall II) was in 

 existence the ice front receded from the scarp north of Batavia and 

 Lake Warren extended its domain into central New York. The 

 reason for postulating a second Lake Vanuxem or even a second 

 Lake Hall is the absence of great channels across the salient north 

 of Batavia, which would surely occur if Lake Warren had found 

 central New York an unoccupied basin. The lack of channels 

 phenomena in the Oakfield district is explained by assuming an 

 approximation of level between the Warren and the central New 

 York waters, along with the probability of an area of stagnant ice 

 in the locality where the waters met [pi. 39]. 



10 The Warren waters immersed the channel features produced by 

 the extinction of the first Lake Vanuxem. and its records, specially 

 of the lowering level (Lake Dana) are found northward of the Leroy- 

 Vietor-Phelps channel. The W T arren water at about 880 feet, 

 endured in central New York long enough to produce some frag- 



