GROWING SMALL FRUIT FOR PROFIT. 87 



no less than three car loads of New York grapes were shipped in at 

 one time and they were all sold in a short time. 



Hartley — I have heard something of that. One of the great ad- 

 vantages those New York fellows have over as is they go about the 

 business systematically. Youngers has visited some of the New 

 York vineyards ; I would like to hear from him. 



Youngers — In New York the grape men work on the co-opera- 

 tive plan : one man oversees the cultivation, another to the gathering 

 and preparing the fruit for market, while still another sells all the fruit 

 and watches the markets very closely at all times so he can take ad- 

 vantage of every rise in price. In pruning they cut back to two 

 buds, thus getting larger bunches ; one of their bunches will equal 

 two or three of ours. 



Hartley — Is their Concord later than ours? 



Carpenter — Yes, I think it is j but we can have cold storage 

 here and keep our grapes as late as we wish ; we can grow just as 

 cheaply here as there. There is a great future before the grape. 

 While in New York last spring I went into Dewey's grape juice es- 

 tablishment ; he uses 500 tons of grape juice each season to make 

 " grape shake ; " this is supplanting milk shake in the east as a cool 

 refreshing summer drink and it is destined to become the national 

 beverage. We ought to prepare for it by having plenty of grape 

 vines planted. 



Cole — How do you prune, Mr. Carpenter ? 



Carpenter — I cut back to two buds, like the New Yorkers do. 



Cole — How about the Niagara ; is it a failure with us ? 



Reed — The Niagara is growing very well with us. 



Youngers — I have seen some very good bunches of it this sum- 

 mer. 



Day — This idea of growing grapes without protection is futile ; 

 my experience is that we should give all our vines winter covering, 

 and it is useless to look for success without giving our vineyards 

 proper care. The tenderest grapes will grow here if favored. 



Carpenter — In western New York they cover their grape vines 

 in winter. We can grow forty varieties here that will not grow in 

 western New York ; they are too tender there. I don't use straw or 

 mulch but lay the vines down and plow a furrow on each side, throw- 

 ing the earth over them. 



Youngers — I have seen several grape vines killed by covering 



