WINTER APPLES. 117 



investigate it thoroughly. My advice is " set trees with unmtitilated 

 roots. " 



Mr. Furnas — My experience has been the same as Morton's and 

 as I do not like to steal another man's thunder I have very little to 

 say on the subject. I believe top-grafting is best and will give bet- 

 ter results than any other method. 



Carpenter — I would ask what we are to do for stocks ? It is a 

 fact undisputed, that fully seventy-five per cent of our apple seedlings 

 are too tender to withstand our severe winters ; and it] would be an al- 

 most endless job to propagate very many trees by top-grafting. 



Morton — The best orchards in Ohio are seedling; trees set in or- 

 chard rows and then top-worked; of course this is not practical for 

 nurserymen, but it is for the orchardist only. 



President — The long cion and short root is practically a cutting 

 and in a short time the tree is on its own roots, which nine times out 

 of ten is better than a seedling root, for a tree known to be hardy in 

 top ought surely to produce roots hardier than a seedling which would 

 freeze to the ground the first winter. We have set apart this after- 

 noon for the discussion of the apple tree and its fruit in all the vari- 

 ous branches and we would be glad to have Mr. Morton and Mr. Fur- 

 nas come up and take part in the discussion. 



CONCERNING WINTER APPLES. 



Shelby, Neb., November 12, 1889. 

 G. J. Carpenter, Fairbury, Neb.: Dear Sir — I am about to re- 

 plant as well as enlarge my orchard ground in coming spring and 

 spring following. I am almost at a loss to know exactly what I want 

 for late keepers and high-priced apples for home and foreign markets, 

 as our high-toned apples are alreday at the top for distant shippers, 

 etc. I have quite a big lot of Bens, Winesaps, Jonathans, and Wil- 

 lows. My Jonathans pan out splendidly, and really, if they were a 

 good shipper, I would plant out more. Tell me how you recommend 

 Northern Spy and Rawle's Janet, or what is better ? Do you think 

 Newton's Pippin will hold here yet? I tried a thousand of my own 

 grafts in '78; they grew well, but freeze their tips every winter; set 

 them out in '80 and lost all. This is the grand high-priced apple of 



