264 NEBRASKA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



An instructive paper prepared by Professor L. H. Bailey, of Cor- 

 nell University, entitled " Causes Affecting the Longevity of Or- 

 chards," was read by the secretary. The ground taken was, that the 

 supposed greater longevity of old seedling orchards in the east was 

 more apparent than real ; the trees which attracted attention being 

 the few fittest to survive, while the many which perished prematurely 

 escaped notice. The popular cry against root-grafting on stocks 

 from pomace seed, as tending to deteriorate the vitality of varieties, 

 had no foundation in fact. The even stand and uniform character of 

 trees in modern orchards showed that the cion either dominated the 

 stock or had become self-rooted. The short life of many orchards in 

 the west must be accounted for by the fact that they were in a prairie 

 region beyond the limits of natural forest growth. 



The general opinion of the members of the society seemed to be 

 that while the older orchards of the state show that they are destined 

 to be short lived, we should not be discouraged by this fact. With 

 the abundance of comparatively cheap land in the state and the small 

 outlay needed for planting, young orchards should be set as fast as 

 the old ones show signs of failing, and the supply of vigorous, bear- 

 ing trees kept up. 



It was thought that the rapid development of the country to the 

 north and west beyond the range of profitable apple-culture must 

 give a market for Kansas apples at paying prices for a long time to- 

 come. — S. C. M., in Garden and Forest. 



PREVENTING APPLE SCAB. 



THE FUNGICIDE TO USE AND FIGURES TO SHOW ITS EFFICIENCY. 



Ill the seventh annual report of the Wisconsin Experiment Station, 

 Prof. E. S. Golf has an article on this troublesome disease. It is so- 

 well known to horticulturists that a lengthy description of the fungus, 

 Fusicladium dendriticum, will not be necessary. A section through 

 one of these velvety spots shows that it is made up of a dense mass 

 of short brown cells which bear erect threads producing the spores or 

 reproductive bodies. The growth of the fungus causes a cracking of 

 the fruit, making it unprofitable. The disease is destructive to a large 

 number of varieties not only in this country, but in Europe, Aus- 



