266 NEBRASKA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



be well to caution the use of the fungicide when the flowers are ex- 

 panded. Experience with plum trees to prevent rust during the season 

 on the college farm has shown that spraying at this time will cause 

 the flowers to drop more freely. The liquid should be applied with 

 a force pump fitted with a spraying nozzle. Such can be had of the 

 Nixon Nozzle & Machine Company, of Dayton, O.; the Field Force 

 Pump Company, Lockport, N. Y.; Gould's Manufacturing Company, 

 and Rumsey & Co., Seneca Falls, N. Y. Prof. Galloway has also 

 devised a knapsack sprayer, made by Albinson & Co., 2026 Fourteenth 

 street, and Leitch & Sons, 1214 D street, Washington, D. C. — Orange 

 Judd Farmer. 



LOSSES IN TRANSPLANTING. 



[The following paper was read before the Illinois State Horticultural Society at 

 Cairo, by Hon. Samuel Edwards, of North Peoria.] 



One of the greatest hindrances to more general planting of trees is 

 the fact that a very large per cent of them which are set by those 

 not engaged in the business die. For this there is no more necessity 

 than that live stock should die from being removed from one locality 

 to another. We can readilv understand that trade in animals would 

 receive a severe check if millions of them were thus lost annually. 



The hurried manner in which trees are taken up, the roots being 

 unmercifully mutilated, is often, owing to want of skill in planting 

 and after management, a cause of loss. When there are plenty of 

 roots, carelessly crowding them into a hole too small for placing them 

 in proper form, is another. 



An account given in an early volume of Downing' s Horticulturist, 

 by a Mr. Perkins of Boston, stating his success in planting trees with- 

 out roots, induced me to try the experiment with some forty dollars' 

 worth of trees, mostly apple and pear, which were delayed en route 

 from Ellwanger and Barry. The mercury had been several degrees 

 below zero, and they were received December 18, 1850. 



The roots, of course, were dead. They were cut off to the live 

 wood at, or near, the collar of the tree, and planted in damp sand in 

 a moderately warm cellar. At proper time for planting in spring 

 butts of trees were calloused over, preparatory to sending out roots. 

 Tops were trimmed to bare rods, wounds covered with wax, planted 



