GRAPES. 271 



the cells of the inner bark of the stock, so the sap can flow from the 

 stock into the cion and sustain its life. If but one side of the cion 

 comes in contact with the bark of the stock it is best to have this side 

 of the cion a little thicker than the other so the stock will hold the 

 forks more firmly together. Insert your chisel or a wedge in the cleft 

 in the stock to hold it open while you insert the cion, and when you 

 get the cion to its proper place withdraw the chisel or wedge and the 

 cion will be held firmly in place by the stock. If it should happen 

 that the stock does not hold the cion firmly in place on account of the 

 smallness of the stock or from any other cause, tie a string tightly 

 around the stock about midway of the cleft. If the stock is one-half 

 inch or more in diameter two cions maybe inserted, one on each side. 

 The cion should be three or four inches in length and may have either 

 one or two eyes or buds. Fill up the excavation which you made 

 about the stock, and press it down slightly. If the cion is one that 

 resists the Phylloxera well, a part of the cion may be covered up ; 

 but if not, the cion should not be allowed to come in contact with the 

 soil enough to produce roots of its own, as it would of course be sub- 

 ject to the ravages of the insect. 



There is another method of making the cleft which is worthy of 

 notice. It is that of sawing a slit in the stock with a wide set saw. 

 This is a more tedious mode than the other one, but it is claimed by 

 many to be the more certain. The slit is sawed about one and a half 

 inches down the stock, and the stock is pried open to admit the cion, 

 which rests on the stock with square shoulder on each side. If pre- 

 ferred, the cions may be prepared on rainy days, as the slits are gen- 

 erally of uniform size. This should not be done, however, unless you 

 can keep them in damp moss till you wish to use them, because they 

 will get too dry, if this is not done. One great advantage in using 

 the saw to make the slit is that we can saw rough, twisted stocks which, 

 cannot be split with the chisel. 



In grafting against the Phylloxera, it is necessary to graft above the 

 surface of the earth. It frequently happens that an excellent variety 

 is rendered worthless by the destructive work of this insect ; and to 

 guard this variety against this insect, we can graft it on the stock not 

 subject to the ravages of this insect, and in such a manner that the 

 cion cannot form its own roots, called inarching. The cleft method 

 of grafting is not very successful unless done below the surface of the 



