138 Indian BJusmm Notes. [ Vol- II* 



" Paris-green used as a liquid application — that is, mixed in an excessively small 

 quantity with vei'j much water, and sprayed as a mist on the trees — answered for 

 the most part well ; and I give the following directions for use, and also cautions 

 required (the chemioal being of a poisonous nature), from the Government publications 

 of Canada and of the United States, together with our own experiences of last year. 



" For liquid application. — The amount recommended in Canada for spraying for 

 Codlin Moth or young ' looper ' caterpillar is ' not more than from 2 to 4 ozs. in 40 

 (forty) gallons of water, or i- to i oz. in a pail of water (4 gallons, E. A. 0.;, to be 

 applied as a fine«pray by means of a force-pump. The foliage must not be drenched, 

 but the spray should only be allowed to fall upon the trees until it begins to drop 

 from the leaves. 



" For general use on mature foliage. — Half a pound of Paris-green, 50 gallons 

 of water. First mix the Paris-green separately with a small quantity of water, then 

 add to it the whole supply. All washes containing Paris-green must be constantly 

 stirred to keep it in suspension, or it will sink tn the bottom.' 



" The amount found serviceable by the Evesham Fruit Committee coincided al- 

 most exactly with the weaker mixture mentioned above. The Committee decided that 

 they could reoommend ' Paris-green paste in the proportion of 1 oz. to 8 or 10 gallons 

 of water for Plums ; and 1 oz. to 20 gallons of water for Apples.' Apple leafage was 

 found to be more tender than that of Plums. Pear leafage should be treated like that 

 of Apple. 



" For Currants the strength found safe was the same as for Plums — 1 02. of 

 '" green ' to 10 gallons of water ; but as the foliage grew stronger, 1 oz. to 8 gallons of 

 water was found not too strong. Neither of these strengths of mixture damaged the 

 leafeage, but they killed the caterpillar. 



" These proportions should not be exceeded. — In some instances greater strength 

 has been used without bad effects on the leafage ; but this was certainly attributable 

 in one case to heavy rain following the over-application, and probablj'', if details were 

 procurable, non-injury from over-strength could be traced, to casual coincidence in 

 other cases also. 



"Captain Corbett, the Superintendent of the Toddington Fruit Grounds, writing 

 to me on the 3rd of July, and mentioning his satisfaction with the results of spraying, 

 also noted, ' Proportions I tixed upon after the first trials, viz., 1 oz. to 10 gallons of 

 water for Plums, and 1 oz. to 20 gallons of water for Apples, must not be exceeded,' 



" Paris-green is an aceto-arsenite of copper and of a poisonous nature, and 

 therefore ehould be used with care in mixing, and should never be applied to fruit or 

 to vegetables that are used for food. But, as is shown above, the quantity to which, 

 in order to be beneficial, it is requisite to limit application in spraying is excessively 

 small, and our English experiences of the past season, as well as those on the Continent 

 of America where Paris-green has been used regularly in farm and orchard prevention 

 for many years, show that with proper care it may be used with perfect safety. 



" The cautions to he observed in the use of Paris-green are : The bags should 

 be labelled Poison and kept locked up, and especially kept safely out of the way of 

 children, who might be attracted by the beautiful green colour of the powder. 



" Workers with the powder should not allow it to settle in any sore or crack in 

 the skin of the hands, nor stir it about unnecessarily with the hands ; and they should 

 be very careful not to breathe in the powder through mouth or nose whilst measuring 

 or mixing it. 



" For this reason it is most desirable that purchasers of Paris-green should have 

 it sent, not in bulk, to be divided for use on receipt, but wrapped in single pound (or 



