140 Indian Museum Notts. [Vol. II. 



" ' 2ndly. The otlier point is to insist upon the mixture not being made too strong ; 

 1 lb. to 200 gallons I find very useful and I never use stronger tbau 1 lb. to 120 

 gallons.— (J. F!) 



•' With regard to method of application of the spray. — This should be thrown 

 so finelj- as to reach all parts of the tree and both sides of the leaves, and coat the 

 leaves as with a fine dew, but it should not be allowed to run down and drip. As soon 

 as dripping begins spraying should cease. 



•' It should on no account lohatever be throton so as to ' swill ' or * souse ' the 

 trees, and run oft" the leaves in drops or streams; this is bad practice in every way. 

 It uses a great deal more of the chemical than is needed ; the leaves get little but pure 

 water at their highest part, and much too strong application where the fluid has 

 settled at the tips ; and also a drip is caused on to the ground beneath, which may 

 render the grass temporarily poisonous. 



"Also, spraying should not be done tcJiilst the trees are in blossom, and warn- 

 ing is also given in the American works that sprayings should not be given in rapid 

 succession. Several days, it is advised, should elapse between, unless, of course, as 

 may easily happen in difficulties of first experiments, the spray was manifestly so 

 weak that the previous application counted for nothing. The efiect of the Paris-green 

 on the caterpillars does not always show directly, and it is undesirable to waste labour 

 and material wl ere the work is already done, and only requires a day or two to show it. 



" Non-feeding of animals under sprayed trees. — As it is totally impossible to 

 guard against what may be done by careless workers, or those who will not take the 

 trouble to understand what they are about, in all we (that is to say, the Experimental 

 Committee as a body and myself personally) are desired to advise on, we most scrupu- 

 lously direct that cattle and stock and other animals should never be alloived to 

 pasture or feed under trees that are being, or have recently been, sprayed, for fear 

 of injury from feeding on Grass on which there may have been drip. We give no 

 opening for possibiiitj^ of mischief occurring from this cause where our advice is 

 followed ; but (having noted this duly) there is no harm in mentioning here that 

 where the fine spraying is properly carried on, it is at least open to doubt whether 

 any risk in the above way is incurred. 



"In the course of reporting it appeared that one observer fed his mares and foals 

 bf-nt-ath the Paris-greened trees with no ill-efTects, Mr. Lee Campbell, of Glewstone 

 Court, Koss, also alluding to this point, wrote me: 'You will recollect that I 

 sprayed the trees this year ten times with Paris-green, partly 2 oz. to the gallons 

 and later with only one, and during the caterpillar season (in fact, all the year until 

 the fruit was becoming ripe) fowls have had a free run all over the field.' 



"With regard to Bees, as the trees should not be sprayed when they are in 

 blossom, this gets over any fear of Bees being poisoned by sucking the honey. 



" Spraying machines. — One great point, in selection of spraying machines, is 

 that either by mechanical contrivances (when on a large scale), or in the portable 

 forms, by arrangements which will make the movement of the bearer serve the same 

 purpose, the mixture should be so kept in movement that the powder should not 

 settle down. It is necessary to keep the mixture in agitation during application, and 

 also it is necessary to have the barrel ' well washed out after it has been filled ten or 

 twelve times.' If this is not done the mixture will very soon be too weak at the 

 top and too strong at the bottom, and the gradually increasing settlement will pre- 

 sently (in all probability) cause a seriously too strong overdose. The mixture should 

 be kept at an even strength throughout during the whole time of distribution, and 

 also, as before mentioned, it should be so distributed that it will be thrown as a fine 

 spray or mist, and will rest and remain on the sprayed leafage as a fine film or dew. 



