No. 2. ] Motes. 85 



deposited upon them, escaped puncture by the maggots; while those 

 which moulted later were more or less punctured. The opening made 

 by the maggot, in penetrating into the body of the worm, does not close 

 up, but becomes the entrance of a tube lined with a hard dark-colored 

 substance. This tube is small at the entrance, where it perforates the 

 skin of the worm, but increases in size internally to correspond with the 

 gradual growth of the maggot. It is curved a short distance from the 

 entrance, and expands like a bell where it is filled up with the posterior 

 truncate extremity of the maggot. Be\ T ond the bell-shaped expansion, 

 the hard lining of the tube is continued by a soft gristly substance, 

 which envelopes the body of the maggot, so that it is only the maggot's 

 head which projects into the actual tissues of the silk-worm. The stig- 

 mata of the maggot are situated, as is usual in dipterous larvae, at the 

 posterior extremity of the body ; and the maggot breathes air, which 

 enters by the bell-shaped passage. When full fed, the maggot is much like 

 a large grain of boiled rice, except that it is pointed at the head, and 

 truncate at the posterior extremity, which is of about the same thickess 

 as the middle of the body. It is armed with a long pair of thin mandi- 

 bles, which are slightly hooked at the ends, and are hard and powerful. 

 The body is ten-jointed, the skin remarkably tough. After living for 

 about seven days inside the silk-worm the maggot becomes full fed and 

 cuts its way out. The presence of the grub is indicated on the silk- worm 

 by a black spot, which increases in size day by day, though the silk- 

 worm continues to feed as usual, and even spins a cocoon, if it was not 

 parasitised before the last days of the fifth month. A fly-blown worm 

 spins about two days earlier than it would do when healthy, and it pro- 

 duces a very inferior cocoon. In cases where a cocoon has been spun the 

 maggot forces its way through both chrysalis and cocoon, destroying the 

 chrysalis and rendering the cocoon useless for reeling. After freeing it- 

 self from its host the maggot crawls away, and tries to reach the ground; 

 if it succeeds in its endeavours and can find a soft place, it buries itself 

 about an inch deep in the ground, and transforms into a pupa enclosed in 

 the larval skin, which dries and hardens so as to form a case. About six 

 hours elapse between its leaving the body of its host and transforming 

 into a pupa ; and if in this time it fails to find a place to bury itself, it 

 pupates in the open. 



The pupoe that were observed by Cleghorn rested about 12 days 

 before producing imagos. The imago breaks through the anterior end of 

 the puparium, by expanding the membrane of the front part of its head, 

 exactly as Sasaki describes to be the case with the Uji Fly of Japan, 

 and emerges as a fly ready to commence the cycle of existence that has 

 been traced above. 



The whole life of the insect, from the laying of the egg to the death 



