12 Lap worth, Latent Polarities of Atoms 



1903,83, 100; 1904, 85, 1206. Zeitsch. Electrochem., 1904,10, 

 582). The cyanidion, Cy, in Fig. 1 is represented with a 

 diffused valency which passes into space, to the solvent or to 

 surrounding kations. The reactive phase of the acetone mole- 

 cule is indicated with equal quantities of + and — partial free 

 valency and consequently as electrically neutral ; the arrange- 

 ment of free partial valencies by which it attracts agents is pre- 

 cisely as conceived by Thiele. The stages (b) and (c) are inter- 

 mediate types of univalent negative ions with diffused valency 

 and lead to (d) which is the normal ion of the potassium 

 derivative (e). (The metal derivative has been shown to 

 be the intermediate compound in the formation of cyano- 

 hydrin from benzaldehyde and from camphorquinone. 

 Compare Trans. Chem. Soc, 1904, 85, 1208 and 12 10.) 



W {6) 



3 



>9i 



(c) U) (e) 



• 1 »• 



lig. 1. 



The expression (c r ) in Fig-. 1 represents the non-ionic 

 phase corresponding with (c) and is consistent with the 

 tendency of powerful ions such as K' to exercise their valency 

 in diffuse form (compare Briggs, Trans. Chem. Soc, 1908, 93, 

 1564; 1917, 111, 253; 1919, 115,278). In the same connexion 

 it is worthy of note that most of the more powerful acids, and 

 possibly all acids, are those in which the structure of the anion 

 provides the possibility of such a diffuseness of valency. 



