17 



Ranida?. 



Maxillary and vomerine teeth. 

 Sacral diapophyses cylindric. 



Habitat, Europe and North America. None in Australia 

 or South America. 



Bufo lentiginosis americanus Le Conte. 

 Common Toad. 



There are four well-defined sub-species of the common toad, 

 one of which is confined to northeastern Massachusetts, one is 

 the Rocky Mountain species, one is southern and one is our 

 own, which extends from British America to Louisiana and 

 west to Arizona. 



Color usually yellowish or darker brown above, with 

 pairs of deeper yellow-edged spots on back and with a light 

 vertebral line. One or two yellowish streaks on sides. 

 Below dirty yellow, frequently with black spots. Length, 

 two to three inches. Females larger than males and more 

 variegated in colors. The voice is a wierd ur-r-r-r. They 

 rarely walk but progress by hops. Their food consists 

 largely of insects and worms. 



Eggs in two long thick- walled tubes of transparent albumen. 

 These tubes lie in long coils on the bottoms of ponds and are 

 laid from about April 20 to May 15, sometimes as late as June. 

 They hatch in about ten days. The metamorphosis is rapid 

 and probably complete in less than a month. The young are 

 very dark and remain so until near the close of the metamor- 

 phosis. This is complete when they are about three-eighths 

 of an inch in length. They hibernate very early, — about 

 September 1. 



Scaphiopus holbrooki Harla?i. 

 Hkrmit Spade-foot Toad. 



This is the Scaphiopus solitarins (Hoi brook) of DeKay. It 

 is well- distributed but rarely seen, as it spends most of the time 

 in burrows well under ground. The form is robust, the front 

 wide and rounded. Prominent parotid glands. Color dark, 

 sometimes with two pale longitudinal lines. Skin pustular 



