SCIENCE- GOSSIP. 



169 



b. var. maxima Butler. R. k H. p. 732. A still 

 more deeply coloured form, larger than the type. 

 3 has the f.w. tinged with orange. Hats. ? Amur, 

 Japan, China. 



3. Gr. farinosa. Zell. I.s. 1847, p. 5. Stgr, 

 Cat. 1901, p. 20. Rliodocera rltavnd var. Stgr. 

 Cat. 1871. 



55—61 mm. 



Differs from G. rliamni in the much squarer 

 shape of the f.w. Not that they are less acuminated 

 at the apices than in that species, but broader and 

 having the outline of the costa more bulging 

 towards an. angle. H.w. have the portion of the 

 costa between the angular projection at the termina- 

 tion of the median nervule and the anal ang. 

 distinctly wavy in outline, which is not the case 

 in G. rhamni. The ground colour of the wings in 

 <? is much lighter, as though it had been sprinkled 

 with some white substance. The disc, spot in both 

 sexes is very much less conspicuous than in G. 

 rluimni, especially on f.w. Abdomen much lighter 

 in colour. U.s. of all the n-iugs lighter and with 

 less of the greenish tinge seen in G. rliamid u.s. 



Hab. Western Asia, Amasia, Alai, Turkestan. 

 v.— VII. 



Larva on Xizypkns vuhjaris. V. (R. .V; H.) 



I was in error in my former work in including 

 this form as European, but I was misled by several 

 writers ; one of these erroneously describes it from 

 Southern France. 



i. G. Cleopatra. L. Syst. Nat. xii. 7G5. Lg. 

 B. E., p. 66, pi. xiv., fig. 5. 



16—60 mm. 



On an average the expanse of the wings is greater 

 than in G. rhamni. The f.w. have the apices less 

 acutely angled than in G. farinosa. The h.w. are 

 much less angulated, and have not the wavy out- 

 line of margin near the anal angle. Ground colour 

 of S brighter yellow than in G. Tliamni. F.w. of $ 

 chiefly occupied by bright orange patch, varying 

 in intensity in different specimens, but not extend- 

 ing to the on. marginal portion. The disc, spot is 

 more or less absorbed in this orange patch. H.w. 

 much the same as in G. rJiaiiini. but with the disc, 

 spot rather larger. 5 ^.s in G. rliamm as regards 

 coloration, but as a rule rather paler and with 

 brighter and larger disc, spots. 



Hab. South Europe, North Africa, Asia Mini r. 

 Occurs at Monte Br^ Tessin, Switzerland. V. — X. 



Larva. Similar in shape to that of G. rhamni : 

 dull bluish-green, rather dai-ker on the dorsal 

 aspect; lateral streak narrower than in G. rhamni 

 on Rhammis alpinns and I}, alternus. 



a. gen. aest. italica Gerh. Berl. e. Z. xx\i. p. 125 

 (1882). Stgr. Cat. (1901), p. 21. <J sulphur- 

 yellow beneath. Hab. The neighbourhood of 

 Marseilles and the Western Riviera. 



*. V. tanrica Stgr. Hor. xv. (1881). Cat. 

 1901, p. 21. antonia Butl. Ann. and Mag. ,(5). 



XV. (1S85). Larger than type, paler in colour, 

 the orange patch less extensive. Hab. Syria, 

 Taurus. 



c. var. madcmisis Feld. B.E.Z. v. 1862, p. 473. 

 Stgr. Cat. 1901, p. 21. The orange patch extending 

 over the entire surface of the f.w. in S. Hab. 

 Madeira. 



5. Gr. cleobule Hub. Zutr. Ex. 455-6 (1825). 



55 — 67 mm. 



Angular projection at apex of f.w. generally less 

 marked than in G. clecrpatra. That of h.w. hardly 

 perceptible. Margins of wings and costa of f.w 

 with dark brown and red points at the extremity of 



the nervules. $ f.w. completely orange-yellow, 

 not so deep in colour as the orange patch in 

 G. ilco2>ntra ; disc, spot somewhat more conspicuous 

 than in (f. ideo2>atra. H.w. bright yellow, deeper 

 than in (f. cle(vpatra, w'ith a well-marked disc. spot. 

 5 all the wings yellow, sometimes inclining to 

 orange, with deeper orange disc, spots. The S 

 shows a slight tendency to the violet fluorescence 

 so couunon in the orange species of Colias. 



Hab. 'I'lie Canary Islands. I,— VI. 



■' It is found from January to June in most localities 

 on. and at a little distance from, the coa.st ; gardens 

 and fields seem somewhat favoured, but it is by 

 no means common anywhere. There seem to be 

 several broods between the months mentioned 

 above, but the larva and pupa have not been 

 observed." — A. E. Holt White, " Butterflies and 

 Moths of Teneriffe," p. 35. 



Cienus 18. EUREMA Hub. 



A'erz. bek. Schraett. p. 96 (IslC). Tcria.^ 

 Swainson. Zool. M. I., t. 22 (1820). 



Small or moderate sized butterflies of a yellow 

 or white colour, with the apices of f.w. black, or 

 with a black border, more or less extending along 

 the ou. mai'g. of the wings. The u.s. have generally 

 small dark brown spots. Abdomen slender. 

 Palpi small. Antennae short and slender, not red, 

 as in Culias and Gonepteryx. Wings short and 

 broad. H.w. rounded, without angular projection. 

 The species of this genus are mostly confined lo 

 tropical Asia and Africa. A few inhabit China, 



G 3 



