OF NORTHUMBERLAND AND DURHAM. 7I 



for 07'obanche rapum, and " Redes " (Durham) for Horse 

 Radish. This book also is very rare, but was reprinted in 

 1 88 1 for the English Dialect Society, under the editorship of 

 Mr. James Britten, of the Natural History Museum, South 

 Kensington. In 1549-50 Turner was appointed Prebendary 

 of Botevant, York, and after two years Dean of Wells. A 

 letter is preserved in which he complains bitterly to Cecil of 

 the difficulties he encountered in obtaining possession of his 

 deanery, which the dispossessed Dean, whose name was 

 Goodman, refused to surrender. The first part of his magnum 

 opus, the "New Herball," was published in London in 1551. 

 At the accession of Mary his works were for the second time 

 prohibited and ordered to be destroyed. He fled to Cologna, 

 where the second part of his Herbal was issued in 1562. He 

 lived to return again to England at the accession of Queen 

 Elizabeth, and to publish the third part of his Herbal, with a 

 reprint of the first and second parts, shortly before his death 

 in 1568. The Herbal is a folio volume of nearly 500 pages, 

 with numerous woodcuts interspersed in the text. He does 

 not often give localities, but mentions Paris quadrifolia as 

 having been gathered by himself near Morpeth, and Artemisia 

 maritima on Holy Island. He wrote also on the names of 

 Birds, and treatises on the Baths of England, and the different 

 kinds of wine. Mr. Jackson gave a list of 39 works certainly 

 written by him, and several others that are doubtful. The 

 principal authors of botanical books on the Continent who 

 were contemporary with Turner were Dodenfeus in Belgium, 

 Brunfels and Fuchsius in Germany, and Matthiolus in Italy. 

 The great work of Tabernsemontanus, containing 2,255 

 figures, did not appear till 1590. Linnaeus named after him 

 the genus Turnera, which gave its name to the small natural 

 order Turneracece. 



Thomas Penny, born about 1530, died 1589, was the first 

 to collect Cornus suecica on Cheviot, and sent Doronicum 

 pardalianches (which is not a native of Britain) to Gerarde 

 from the " cold mountains of Northumberland." He studied 

 at Cambridge, and became a Doctor of Divinity and Dean of 



