OF NORTHUMBERLAND AND DURHAM. 83 



a nurseryman at York. He travelled as a Minister of the 

 Society of Friends in Norway, Cape Colony, Mauritius, and 

 Australia. Hooker and Harvey named after him the 

 Australian genus Backhousia in Myrtaceae. In company with 

 his son, also named James Backhouse (born 1825, died 1890), 

 he frequently visited Teesdale, where they discovered several 

 plants not known there before {e.g. Arenaria uliginosa, Poly- 

 gala uliginosa, Saxifraga hirculus, Senecio campestris, Woodsia 

 ilvensis, Equisetum ^^77lbrosum, Viola a7'enaria, and Myosotis 

 alpestris), and explored the bone-caves, James Backhouse, 

 jun., is best known to botanists by his excellent " Monograph 

 of the British Hieracea," in which several new species are 

 described, and his contributions to the Phytologist. His 

 grandson, also named James Backhouse, best known by his 

 " Handbook of the Birds of Europe," has lately written a 

 guide to Teesdale, with a very good map. 



Dr. George Johnson, of Berwick-on-Tweed, born 1797' 

 died 1855, was one of the founders of the Berwickshire Field 

 Club. He published in 1829-31 a "Flora of Berwick." The 

 first volume with 2 plates, 256 pages, contains the Phanero- 

 gamia, and the second, 335 pages, 8 plates, the Cryptogamia, 

 which are very fully worked out. This, of course, is often 

 cited in Winch's " Flora." His " Botany of the Eastern 

 Borders," published in 1853 (8vo, 336 pages, 18 plates) is a 

 very interesting and readable book, with a great deal of 

 information about folk-lore, local names, and the general 

 features of the country. These two books, of course, only 

 overwrap in part the northern tract of Northumberland. Dr. 

 Johnson did valuable work in other fields of natural Jiistory. 



William Robertson, of Newcastle, who died about 1840, 

 was specially interested in Lichens and Roses. The two 

 most interesting species of the former he found were 

 Endocarpoii euplocum (Eng. Bot. 2602, fig. 2) on sandstone 

 rocks by the Tyne above Newcastle, the only known English 

 station, and Lecanora aipopsila (Eng. Bot. Suppl. 2662, fig. 2) 

 found in 1831 on rocks at Bambrough and Staples island. 



