ly'OETHrMBEKLAND AXD DUKHAJT. 41 



Rising to tlie upper levels, it is usually with the limestone that 

 the common plants of dry grassy situations reach their highest 

 points. In the list of species it will be seen how often the most 

 elevated points at which these have been noted are in connection 

 with the Main Limestone of Allendale, Harwood-dale, and the 

 Weardale " Hopes ;" whilst the arenaceous peaks and ridges 

 present everywhere what a botanist on the outlook for rarities 

 is apt to consider a monotonous repetition of heather, and the 

 other common gregarious swamp-heather-land plants which have 

 been already noticed in the account of Simonside. 



The following is a list of all the species seen within the bounds 

 of the upper zone on Kilhope Law, and it might stand, with 

 very trifling variation, for any other of the higher peaks and 

 ridges of this character. 



Florula of the Upper Zone on a Engeogenous Hill. 



Viola palustris. 

 PotentiUa tormentilla. 

 Galium saxatUe. 

 RubiTS chamaemorus. 

 CaHiiua vulgaris. 

 Erica tetralix. 

 Yaccininm myiliUus. 

 vitis-ictea. 

 Empetrum uigrimi. 

 Luzula multifiora. 

 Juncns siipinus. 

 effusiis. 



Juucus squaiTosus. 

 Carex stellulata. 

 Eriophorum vaginatum. 



aiignstifolium. 

 Aira flexuosa. 

 Nardus stricta. 

 Anthoxanthum odoratum. 

 Agrostis viilgaris. 

 Poa annua. 

 Festuca ovina. 

 Blechnum boreale. 

 Lycopodium selago. 



M. Thurmann has given for a portion of Central Europe a full 

 Kst of the indigenous plants, and an account of their distribution 

 with regard to the subjacent rocks. In Central Europe there 

 are two extensive ranges of hill, of well-marked contrasting 

 lithological character, the dysgeogenous Jura, and eugeogenous 

 Yosges. Comparing the British flora as a whole with that of 

 this region, and, indeed, with that of any other part of Central 

 Europe, we see, even by glancing over the mere list of names, 

 how conspicuously with us the damp-loving element predomi- 

 nates. He gives for the rocks of each class a list of the fifty 



