NOETHIJMBKELAND AND DURHAM, 



53 



not as a figure of speech, but as measured by the thermometer, 

 as that of Moscow is below that of Edinburgh. 



Daily Mange of Temperature. — We have been speaking so far 

 entirely of what tables of temperature usually deal with, mean 

 temperatures month by month in the shade. We have said no- 

 thing at all of the range of temperature during each day, and 

 must next direct our attention to this. The following table, 

 thanks to the very valuable set of observations conducted under 

 Mr. Sopwith's auspices, will tell us substantially all that we 

 need to know here. For By well and Allenheads it gives in the 

 first column the average excess, month by month, of the daily 

 maxima in the sun over those in the shade, in the second the 

 average fall of the nightly minima on the grass below those of 

 the air, in the third the average daily range in the shade ; and 

 if we add these three figures together we shall get, in the fourth 

 column, the total daily range to which a plant will be exposed 

 at the surface of the soil, day by day, when it grows in an un- 

 sheltered position. 



DAILY RANGE OF TEMPERATURE IN SHADE AND EXPOStTKE. 



Janixary . 

 February . 

 March .... 

 April .... 



May 



June .... 



J^ily 



August . 

 September 

 October . 

 November 

 December 



Winter.. 

 Spring . . 

 Summer 

 Autumn 



BYWELL, 1857-60. 

 J. DAWSON. 



Excess 



of 

 average 



daily 



maxima 



in Sim 



over 



tliose in 



the 

 shade. 



3 



?■ 

 13 

 23 

 17 

 21 

 22 

 20 

 17 



6 



5 

 13- 



5 



18' 



21 



9' 



FaU of 

 average 



daily 

 nunima 

 on grass 



below 

 those of 

 the air. 



6-1 



7-2 

 6-1 

 7-3 

 7-2 

 7-3 

 8-6 

 9-1 

 9-7 

 7-2 

 %•& 

 6-5 



7-4 



6-6 

 6-9 

 8-3 



7-8 



Average 

 daily 



range in 



the 



shade. 



10 

 12 

 12 

 15 

 13 

 14 

 14 

 14 

 14 

 12 

 12 

 12 



13- 



11 

 14' 

 14' 

 13' 



Total 



average 

 daily 



range in 

 expo- 

 sure. 



20' 



27' 



32 



4- 



38' 



43' 



45 



44' 



41 



26' 



23 



23' 



34- 



23 

 38 

 44 

 30 



ALLENHEADS, 1857-60. 



T. BEWICK. 



Excess 



of 

 average 



daily 



maxima 



in sun 



over 



those in 



the 

 shade. 



3' 



7' 

 1 



20' 

 30 

 28 

 24 

 25 

 21 

 15 

 6 

 



16- 



3' 



22 

 28' 

 14 



FaU of 

 average 



daily 

 minima 

 on grass 



below 

 those of 

 the air. 



1-6 

 2-3 

 1-6 

 3-6 

 3-5 

 3-0 

 5-3 

 4-9 

 6-4 

 3-5 

 2-9 

 1-9 



3-4 



1-9 



2-9 

 4-4 

 4-3 



Average 



daily 

 range in 



the 

 shade. 



9-0 



9-6 



10-6 



12-1 



16-2 



15-5 



14-6 



13-6 



13-2 



10-6 



9-5 



9-7 



12-0 



9-4 

 13-0 

 14-G 

 11-0 



Total 



average 

 daily 



range in 

 expo- 

 sm-e. 



13-7 

 19-0 

 27-3 

 36-1 

 50-1 

 46-9 

 44-6 

 43-6 

 41-3 

 29-1 

 19-1 

 12-2 



32-0 



15-0 

 37-9 

 45-0 

 29-8 



