NOETHTJMBERLAND AND DURHAM. 103 



total depth of the actual fall is 100 feet, and nowhere in Britain- 

 have we so deep a fall upon so large a stream. The best point 

 of view for it as a whole is the open ground a short distance 

 below on the "Westmorland side of the river, from which the 

 wooden bridge which spans the stream about half-way down 

 the rapids (firm enough in reality) looks fraU and dangerous. 



There is probably no piece of ground in Britain that produces 

 so many rare plants within a limited space as "Widdy Bank Fell. 

 The distance from the Caldron Snout in a direct line due east to 

 Langdon Bridge is 2 mUes. The upper part of the fell is like an 

 ordinary heathery moor, and the summit is only 130 feet above 

 the head of the waterfall, which is 1530 feet above sea-level. 

 Along the face of the hill towards the river sweeps a range of 

 basaltic crags like those that form the waterfall, which are known 

 by the name of Falcon Glints, broken, jagged, and irregular, with 

 a bank of fallen blocks below the precipitous clifi' for some 2 miles 

 along the stream-side. Along the back of the hill from half a 

 mile above the Caldron Snout eastward till they are thrown down 

 by a fault iato the east end of Falcon Clints, stretch low banks of 

 Tyne-bottom limestone, bleached and rendered coarsely granular 

 in texture by the proximity of the igneous rock, and from this 

 copious streams flow down in three directions, westward towards 

 the "Weel, due eastward to Harwood Beck (this stream is called 

 the "Whey Sike), and south-east towards "Widdy Bank House. 

 "Within an area of something like 4 square miles we have, upon 

 the crags and banks of these streams, the following rare plants : 



Viola arenaria. 

 Ai'enaria iiliginosa. 

 ThaJictnun alpinum. 

 Draba incana. 

 PotentiUa alpestris. 

 Sediim piu"piu*emn. 



villosum. 

 Sasifraga aizoides. 



stellaris. 



hypnoides. 

 Galium boreale. 

 Hieracium iricum. 



Hieracium pallidum, 

 anglicum. 

 Gentiana verna. 

 Ai'butus uva-m-si. 

 Bartsia alpina. 

 Elyna caricina. 

 Juncus triglumis. 

 Garex capillaris. 

 Sesleria cfienilea. 

 Allosorus crispus. 

 Asplenium viride. 

 Woodsia ilvensis. 



