The Comparative Histology of the Suprarenal Capsules. 297 



views. In the above-mentioned paper I wrote: "I find, in fact, that 

 the suprarenal of Salamandra maculosa agrees in every respect as to 

 its histological structure with that of the Anura." The chief difference 

 between the tailed and the tailless amphibians in respect to the 

 suprarenal organ is undoubtedly that in the former the body is divided 

 up into a series of small masses, while in the latter it is more or 

 less continuous. 



Leydig \]ï\ describes a very intimate relation between the sym- 

 pathetic ganglia and the suprarenal bodies in Salamandra maculosa. 

 He states, in fact, that there are to be found transitions between the 

 ganglion-cells of the sympathetic, certain yellowish cells in connection 

 with them, and the suprarenals on the kidney. But he does not make 

 it clear that the mediala of the suprarenal is alone in relation to the 

 sympathetic ganglia. In [my former paper [117] I found "no nerve- 

 cells whatever in close relation to the suprarenals". In this I was 

 in error. Recent investigations have convinced me that the medullary 

 representative of the adrenal in Salamandra is very intimately related 

 to the ganglia of the sympathetic chain, and I am. able to verify the 

 statement of Leydig that transition forms exist. 



Much confusion has arisen as to the exact conditions of the supra- 

 renal capsules in the Urodela. Thus in a paper by Velich [115] in 

 1897, it is affirmed that in the opinion of KölUker, there is no medullary 

 suprarenal in Birds, Amphibians, and Fishes! This author gives no 

 reference to Kölliker, but relies on the authority of Kahlgen [64], 

 who says: „Die Nebennieren der Vögel, Amphibien und Fische, welche 

 kein Mark und keine Nerven haben, entsprechen nach Kölliker mü- 

 der Rindensubstanz der Säugetiernebenniere." Kahlgen likewise gives 

 no reference, and I have been unable to find that KölKker expresses 

 any such opinion (see 66 and 67). 



My own researches have been made upon Salamandra maculosa. 

 The kidneys were hardened in Milller's fluid and sections were cut 

 from end to end. At the anterior end one finds more medulla in 

 relation to cortex than at the posterior end, and it is in the anterior 

 portion that the relations to the sj'rapathetic can best be made out. 

 When the material is placed in bichromate solution no apparent 



