Remarks on Impulses Cerebral and Spinal. 533 



plane" (Stout). The history of the Natural Sciences abounds with 

 examples of the determination of differential characters. Instances 

 like the following rarely occur now. A magistrate, on entering a 

 market town overheard a peepshow-man saying: "Now you see two 

 alligators found on the banks of the Mississippi", he ran up to the 

 showman saying: "they are my gaiters (yellow gaiters) you found on 

 the banks of the Nore." Some people in a Scotch village brought a 

 lobster to a village luminary to learn its name &c. "It is either an 

 elephant or a turtle doo (dove), said he, because they are the only 

 animals with which I am not acquainted." "Talent" is suggestive. 

 „The majority of men when dishonest, get the name of talented 

 more easily, than when simple, that of good"; "of goodness they are 

 ashamed, of talent they are proud." The Words "clever" and "too 

 clever" are often used for dishonest. "Aggression for men of high 

 station" at all events "can be reconciled with a plea of right which 

 it suggests". "Trickery is more likely to suggest insidiousness." 



Each portion of the central nervous system tends to inhibit all 

 the parts below (or behind) it. Reflex action is sometimes insurmoun- 

 table. C. Darwin tried to keep his face near the glass of a Cobra 

 cage, but could not when the snake made to strike. When the nerve 

 centres or nerve terminals do not get enough nutriment, or stimulating 

 substances, they become "stale" and lack precision. If they get too 

 much rest they lack tonicity and co-ordination power. Horses and 

 setters give examples. Pointers and some other animals hold their 

 training. Protozoa get exhausted after too much division. The 

 afferent nerves of muscle are often very potent for reflex, especially 

 after the muscles have been overstrained. Kneading evokes the reflex. 

 Dyspeptic disorders of the alimentary canal are, if originated, apt to 

 be evoked by cerebration of certain kinds, in some individuals. The 

 laws of reflex are those of (1) unilateral distribution (2) of symmetry (3) 

 irradiation (4) generalization (5) summation, a second stimulus or third 

 supplements the first, even when introduced in time to catch on be- 

 fore the contraction has ceased (Allen). Influence of change of tension 

 depends on the moment of introduction of variation (Kries and Sogalla). 

 (6) of co-ordination and adaptation. Muscles work in unison some- 



