(lestrnetive to tlie roots o£ clover and otlier crops in England, 

 Mr. Whitehead recommends ploug-hiiig g'as lime into the land when the 

 crop is off the ground, while soot, guano, nitrate of soda, salt, and rape 

 dust are all recommended as top-dressings to the plants. 



Emulsions of kerosine and soap are recommended for spraying plants 

 attacked by the onion fly, the celery fly, and the carrot fly, also lor the 

 destruction of aphids of all kinds, including the corn aphid and the hop 

 aphid. Washes made of soap and extract of quassia chi|)s are also 

 recommended in many cases for the same purposes as kerosine and soap 

 emulsion. With the hop aphid in particular this system of treatment 

 seems to have been largely adopted, and a great many machines for 

 applying it have been invented. 



For the mite which attacks currant bushes, washing the bushes with 

 compounds of soft soap and sulphur is recommended ; a compound of soap 

 and sulphur, sold ready prepared for the purpose by Messrs. Burford of 

 Chiswick, being particularly noticed.^ 



For the turnip beetle, dressing the plants witb lime, soot, guano, and 

 kerosine emulsion are all recommended. 



Hellebore in powder or solution destroys saw fly which attacks goose- 

 berry bushes, but care in handling it is insisted upon, as it is very j)oi- 

 gonous. 



Spraying with such arsenical washes as London purple and Paris 

 green, is recommended for the destruction of the numerous caterpillars 

 which defoliate fruit trees, though this treatment does not appear as yet 

 to have been very widely adopted in England, as there is a prejudice 

 against it on account of the poisonous nature of arsenical insecticides. 



In the case of the caterpillars of the winter moth, the codlin moth, 

 and the apple-bud weevil, protruding rims of tin or bands of sticky or 

 impenetrable substances are recommended for lixing round the trunks of 

 the trees to prevent the insects climl)ing up to lay their eggs, while 

 white-washing the trunks and branches of fruit trees in the autumn, 

 is also said to be useful, as it destroys the lichen and dislodges many 

 insects which would otherwise find shelter either for themselves or for 

 their eggs in the bark. 



In the case of the Fhylloxera of the vine, flooding the vineyards, in- 

 jecting bisulphide of carbon into the ground close to the vines, and intro- 

 ducing American vines, which are not so subject to attack, are quoted as 

 having been largely adopted in France. 



For distributing insecticides a large number of machines are described, 

 very many of them no doubt excellently adapted for the purposes for 

 which they have been designed., About the two most generally useful 



^This preparation would probaijly be useful against red spider on tea. 



