4 Canadian Record of Science. 



stigmaria roots. Tt was one 1 foot 1 1 inches in diameter 

 near the base. Below this, as is often the case with erect 

 sigillarhe, there was a slight swelling or bulb. The lower 

 part is imbedded in gray sandstone and shale for 5 feet 2 

 inches. Above this are 2 feet 6 inches of gray shale. 

 Above this is a sandstone 12 feet thick, but the tree pene- 

 trates this only about 8 inches, when it is broken off. Thus 

 the total remaining height is 8 feet 4 inches. The tree was 

 probably a ribbed Sigillaria, and the bark at the base is 

 unusually thick and rugged for trees of this kind. The 

 remains of woody matter contained in it have not yet been 

 examined microscopically. In the fi gure the tree is repre- 

 sented in its original vertical position, without reference 

 to the dip (Fig. 1.) 



Five feet of the lower part of this tree are filled with 

 matter which must have been introduced into it while it 

 remained an open pit, accessible to land animals. This 

 material, while all probably introduced by rain-wash or 

 accidental falling from the surface, is of varied character. 

 At the bottom there is a layer of mineral charcoal about an 

 inch in thickness, and immediately above this is a black 

 shaly layer, with bones of small batrachians, remains of 

 millipedes and coprolitic matter. Above this is a hard ma- 

 terial, composed partly of indurated calcareous clay and 

 partly of vegetable fragments arranged in very irregular 

 layers, which have usually a shallow basin shape, being 

 hollowed toward the centre. This is partlj- an effect of 

 compression of the vegetable matter, and is partly caused 

 by the greater thickness of the earthy beds toward the 

 sides, a consequence of rain-wash from the surface. Here 

 and there, throughout this part of the stem, there are thin, 

 black, coaly or shaly bands marking surfaces of some dur- 

 ation. Toward the upper part of the productive five feet, 

 sandstone predominates, but there are still occasional dark 

 beds. Throughout all these layers there are animal re- 

 mains, which are, however, more abundant in the dark and 

 laminated beds. There is, more especially in the lower 

 part of the tree, much coprolitic matter, sometimes in die- 



