354 A. Barclay — List of the Uredinese occurring [No. 3, 



among the spores. Most spores exhibit a nuclear space or body in the 

 centre. Although I placed them in several nutritive solutions and in 

 water, I never observed them germinating. 



Remarks. — I have made very numerous experiments with the view 

 of tracing the life-history of this very common ^cidium, but without 

 success. I am quite convinced that the teleutospore-bearing fungus 

 has no connection whatever with that bearing the aecidium, not only 

 because many carefully conducted experiments failed to establish any 

 such connection, but also because a considerable interval elapses, as I 

 have already noted, between the complete disappearance of the -^ci- 

 dium and the appearance of the teleutospores. I have also attempted 

 to reproduce the ^cidium by inoculating leaves with almost every 

 teleutospore with which I am acquainted, and most of which I hope to 

 describe later in this series. 



This fungus may be identical with Uromyces Valerianae, Schum, in 

 which the ascidiospores are stated to measure 17 x 24 /x and the 

 Uromyces spores, 20 to 26 by 15 to 19. The latter fungus, however, also 

 possesses uredospores, which are entirely absent in the Himalayan 

 species. 



3- — PucciNiA ViOL^, Schum ? 

 Viola serpens, Wall. 



An ^cidium of a very destructive kind is extremely common on 

 Viola serpens in spring (April) and occurs simultaneously with that 

 described on Valeriana. As a rule, large areas of the leaves become 

 affected and very frequently the petiole also is extensively involved. 

 Sometimes there is scarcely a portion of the whole leaf, blade and stalk, 

 which is not involved, and, in such cases, the whole leaf speedily suc- 

 cumbs to the parasite. In such extreme cases, the blade of the leaf is 

 crumpled up almost beyond recognition, while the affected stalk is bent 

 in various directions and considerably hypertrophied. Limited patches 

 on the leaf blade are generally round and very deeply bulged down- 

 wards, i. e., with a concavity upwards. The aecidia are borne most 

 usually on the under surface of the leaf, but a few burst forth also 

 from above. But little discoloration is caused by the mycelium on the 

 upper surface of the leaf, which is only slightly paled. 



Later in the season, about the beginning of June, when the aeci- 

 dial fungus has disappeared, the new leaves of the violet are often at- 

 tacked by another puccinia-bearing parasite. Many leaves may now be 

 found, in the same localities where formerly the aecidial parasite was 

 common, studded with numerous dark brown or black pustules of the 

 size of a small pin's head, mostly on the under surface. These pustules 

 are irregularly scattered over the leaf blade, bursting through the epi- 



