1887.] in the NeigKbourhood of Simla. 355 



dermis (after having raised it considerably) by a clean rent. Opposite 

 the pustules, on tbe upper surface of the leaf, small greenish yellow 

 spots may be seen. Although the greater number of pustules emerge 

 from the lower surface, yet many also burst forth from the upper sur- 

 face, especially when the leaf is very largely attacked (Figs. 4 & 5, 

 PL XII.). 



It has been stated above that these puccinia-pustules are usually 

 borne on newly unfolded leaves, but, in one or two instances, I found the 

 dried up remains of cecidial patches on the petioles of leaves which 

 bore these teleutospores. This observation naturally led me to think 

 that the two forms were genetically related, and I accordingly made 

 numerous attempts to establish the relationship upon experimental 

 grounds, but always without success. I am therefore inclined now to 

 regard the two parasites as entirely distinct, and I am supported in this 

 view here, as in the case of Valeriana above, by the fact that, as a rule, a 

 distinct interval of about a month or more elapses between the complete 

 disappearance of the gecidium and the appearance of the teleutospores ; 

 and it is quite exceptional to find any trace of old secidia on plants 

 bearing the puccinia-producing mycelium. I may here note that I have 

 made numerous attempts during the last two years to connect the 

 ^cidium on the violet with several teleutospores occurring on various 

 plants in Simla, but, as in the case of the even more common Valeriana 

 ^cidium, always without success. 



JEcidiosjpores. — When well moistened in water, the spores measure 

 21 X 18 fx, but, when dry or immediately after immersion in water, they 

 measure on an average 19 x 14-8 fi. They readily germinate in water, 

 throwing out a single more or less sinuate tube measuring about 6 ft in 

 diameter (Fig. 6, PL XII.). This germ-tube has a tendency to throw 

 out short lateral branches. The orange-red contents of the spore 

 wander into the furthest end of the tube. The spores appear to have 

 3 to 4 germinal pores, but only one germ-tube is formed by each. 



Teleutospores. — These are dark brown puccinia easily detached 

 from their beds without any portion of the stalk remaining adherent 

 (Fig. 7, PL XII.). When dry, these spores measure as follows : — whole 

 length, 30 /x ; length of upper cell, 14 ft ; length of lower cell, 16 /u ; 

 breadth at septum, 18 ft. The spores are somewhat thickened at their 

 free ends, sometimes to the extent of 4 ft. Among these puccinia-spores, 

 a few single-celled spores were often found which may have been 

 either uredospores or a second form of teleutospore. They are brown 

 bodies with thick resistant walls covered externally with prominent 

 tubercles. They measure, when dry, 20 x 18 ft on an average : I never 

 observed their germination. Some freshly collected spores were 



