TEKTIARIES. 47 



a dozen outcrops having been observed altogether, none of which 

 showed any reasonable promise of commercial value. 



I shall allude to the ferruginous beds of Lohargarh when describing 

 the iron ores of the district. I may here, however, 

 point out the similarity in geological position of 

 the Lohargarh rock, occurring as it does towards the base of the group, 

 with the well-known ores of Kaladhungi and Deh-chauri below Naini Tal. 

 The latter are found in the clays at the base of the lignite-sandstone, 

 and are represented at intervals along this zone as far as the 

 Nahan group of the north-west has been traced.* The occurrence of 

 the Lohaigarh rock renders it probable that the ferruginous band is 

 represented along the entire length of Nepal also, or from the Satlej to 

 the Mechi. 



A fine section of these Tertiary rocks is exposed in the Mahanaddi ; 



where they dip with considerable steadiness 



Thickness. J r 



towards the north-north-west,, or up stream, at 

 angles the mean of which is probably about 35°. The entire length of 

 section is three miles and three quarters, indicating, if all the beds passed 

 over represent true vertical thickness, and excluding possible faults, a 

 total of over 11,000 feet. 



Dr. Hooker was therefore in error in supposing that these strata are 

 represented to but a trifling extent in the Darjiling district, and that 

 they rise to but a few hundred feet above the sea there. f It is true 

 that they do so in the neighbourhood of Pankabari, where they were 

 examined by him, but east of the Mahanaddi many of the Tertiary hills 

 are over 2,000 feet high. 



The relations of these rocks to the older formations, along the line 



of junction in our present area, seem to resem- 

 Line of boundary. 



ble exactly those in the north-western Himalayas 

 which have been described so fully by Mr. Medlicott. He believes " that 



Vol. Ill, pt. 2, p. 178. f Himalayan Journals, Vol. I, p. 403. 



( v ) 



