•Z'Z WYNNE: TRA.NS-1NDUS SALT REGION, KOHAT DISTRICT. 



structure of the hills, though where the sections are clearest, its stratifica- 

 tion and that of the rock-salt, which is frequently well marked, display 

 sufficient conformity with the general anticlinal structure, however dis- 

 turbed, to warrant the conclusion that a conformable sequence exists 

 throughout from the salt up to the newest sandstones of the valleys. 



System of disturbance. — The system of disturbance producing the 

 approximately east and west anticlinals and synclinals is common to 

 other parts of the Upper Punjab, though here complicated not alone 

 by inversion, but by faulted dislocation, coincident with the resultant 

 features, and usually manifest near the bases of the hills, as if original 

 lines of weakness had initiated the curvature which occasionally relieved 

 itself by fracture of the strata. All these lines of disturbance assume 

 a rude parallelism, and none would appear to radiate from the centre 

 of an area of depression.* 



As a probable consequence of the relations between elevating forces 

 and the resistance to be overcome, most, if not all, mountain chains are 

 narrower than the plains from which they rise ; so the anticlinal ridges 

 here, regarded separately, are narrower than the valleys, still sufficient 

 irregularity exists in this respect to suggest that the circumstance may 

 be accidental. 



The structure of the ground described can of course be most 

 accurately known, only within reach of observations over the surface, 

 yet it may be fairly inferred for concealed portions of the synclinals ; 

 what the forms of the denuded portions of the hills may have been it is 

 of course difficult to conceive or restore where opposite sides of the 

 anticlinal folds exhibit stratification which would diverge instead of 

 approaching over their axes. The most natural supposition seems to be 

 that the arches produced by lateral pressure were once much wider, 

 and that either continued or repeated compression in the same direction 



* Considering the faults and flexures as produced by horizontal force, the district 

 would exemplify " a series of anticlinals and synclinals interspersed with faults." See 

 paper by Revd. O. Fisher, Geol. Mag., 1874, p. 65. 



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