24 



III. — Geology. 



The rocks of the district, of which some account is now to be given, 

 may be classified in their natural order of superposition as follows : — 



Supebficial deposits ... j D^vium, sandy river deposits, sand, recent con- 



l glomerate, and detritus.— Thickness irregular. 

 (UppebTebtiabySandstone,&c....£ Soft «**? sandstones and clay conglomerates and 

 Nahun ? ...J c boulder or pebble beds ; 500 to 1,500 feet. 



( Middle Tebtiaby Sandstone, &c. ( Gray and greenisl1 6andstones and drab or reddish 



*• clays, with bones and fossil timber ; 2,000 to 3,000 feet. 

 f Harder gray and purple sandstones, bright red and 

 j purple clays, slightly calcareous and pseudo-conglome- 

 ratic bands. Bone beds occur below, also obscure plant 

 Digshai ...Lower Tebtiaet Sandstone, &c. ..X fragments, apparently exogenous fossil timber, and in 

 (ob Mubbee beds.) ' places near the base a thin layer of strongly ribbed 



bivalve shells, in bad state of preservation ; 3,000 to 

 13,500 feet. 



r Nummulitic limestone, Alveolina beds more shaly, 

 (TJppeb Nummulitic ... < limestone with a chertyband, contain Gastropod sections, 



Cseveral Bivalves, &c. ; 60 to 100 feet. 



Subathu ' C Eed cla y> laven<3er coloured^ 



(Eocene) . I at top with Nummulites in i S f Sandstone with Nummulites or thick 



I M H I 



one locality ; one or two sand- [ g ^ I greenish clays and limestone bands, 



i zone. i stone bands near top contain I 9 | I locally developed below or at place of the 

 fossil bone fragments; 150 to £ [_red clay zone; 100 to 350 feet or more. 

 ! 400 feet. J 



(Observe.)— The red clay zone is more extensive than the lower nummulitic beds. 



f White, gray, and black gypsum with bands of dark 

 f Gypsum ... ... ...J £ ra y cla y or black alum shale, gypsum, sometimes im- 



Nummulitic I j P re & nated ^th petroleum or bitumen, alum shale gene- 



( Eocene) «{ Irally so ; series, 50 to 300 feet. 



pbobably. . Eock-salt associated with beds of clay and sometimes 



LRock-salt ... ... ...-s earthy impurities. The upper part bituminous and 



( base unseen, 300 to 700, or 1,200 ? 



Roch-Salt. — Taking the rocks of the foregoing list in the order of 

 their age, the rock-salt, being the oldest, claims attention first. 



As a rock largely exposed, — This mineral occupies an important place 

 as a rock in some parts of the district, notably in the vicinity of Bahadur 

 Khel, where it forms high, detached hills, cliffs, and naked exposures on 

 both sides of a small stream valley (see Frontispiece) for a distance of 

 four miles in an east and west direction, having a maximum width 

 exceeding a quarter of a mile or 500 yards. 



For four miles more to the eastward it is slightly concealed by 

 debris or visible in many places, the sunken aspect of the ground full 

 ( 128 ) 



