Gl 



TERTIAllY SANDSTONES, CLAYS, &C. 



Three Sub-divisions. — Within this district the tertiary sandstone, 

 clay and conglomerate series occupies by far the largest superficial area, 

 and includes rocks which may be referred to each of the principal sub- 

 divisions of this great formation, as yet distinguished in the Upper 

 Punjab, by the recognition of three groups or rather indefinite zones. 

 These are as follow. 



3. Upper. — Soft, bright-gray sandstones, and gray or orange cla} r s 

 with conglomerates largely made up of crystalline rocks often wasting 

 into loose accumulations of smooth boulders. Bones may be occasionally 

 met with. 



%. Middle. — Gray and greenish sandstones and drab or reddish 

 clays containing bones and fossil (exogenous ?) timber in the sandstones. 

 Reddish or red clays predominate below ; and the beds pass downwards 

 into — 



1. Lower. — Slightly harder gray and purple or light-coloured sand- 

 stones frequently weathering, of a dark colour, and alternating with 

 bright-red and purple clays. Calcareous and pseudo- conglomeratic bands 

 occur frequently at intervals. The group contains reptilian bones below, 

 with occasionally much (exogenous?) fossil timber, and close to the 

 underlying nummulitic limestone, a thin reddish calcareous sandy layer 

 has numbers of ill-preserved strongly ribbed bivalve shells. 



Three zones also in the Simla Country. — Mr. Medlicotfs researches 

 in the Simla region of the outer Himalaya* have shown that there are 

 also in that country on the flanks of the mountains and in the doons 

 (duns) below three main groups of these tertiary sandstones, conglome- 

 rates, and clays, but how far it may be possible to establish identity 

 between the whole of these rocks as two sets of triple groups comprising 

 lower, middle, and upper, or eocene, miocene, and pliocene, remains 

 uncertain. 



( 165 ) 



